IEC 60086

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ANSI C18

The American National Standards for portable cells and batteries, maintained by NEMA: C18.1M for aqueous primaries, C18.2M for rechargeables and C18.3M for lithium primaries, each with a part 1 for sizes and specifications and a part 2 for safety, plus C18.4M for environmental aspects. They are the US counterparts of IEC 60086 and IEC 62133.

IEC 60086-5

Part 5 of the IEC primary-battery series: safety tests and requirements for non-rechargeable batteries with aqueous electrolyte, such as alkaline, zinc–carbon and zinc–air, covering both intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Lithium primary batteries are covered separately, in part 4.

IEC 60601-1

The general safety standard for medical electrical equipment, adopted in the US as ANSI/AAMI ES60601-1. It treats the battery as part of the device: clause 15.4.3 covers battery housings and venting, connection, protection against overcharge and excessive current, and requires lithium batteries to meet IEC 62133 or, for primaries, IEC 60086-4.

IEC battery designation

The code IEC 60086 gives a primary battery: a letter for the chemistry, a letter for the shape, then a size code. No letter means zinc–carbon, L alkaline, C lithium–manganese dioxide, F lithium–iron disulfide, S silver oxide and P zinc–air; R means round. So LR6 is an alkaline AA, R03 a zinc–carbon AAA and 6LR61 six alkaline cells forming a 9 V block.

Lithium–manganese dioxide cell

The most common lithium primary chemistry: a lithium-metal negative, a heat-treated manganese dioxide positive and an organic electrolyte, giving 3 V. It fills CR-coded coin cells such as the CR2032 and cylindrical CR123A camera cells, and loses only about 1 % of its capacity a year in storage.

Primary cell

A cell designed to be discharged once and not recharged, such as an alkaline or lithium–manganese dioxide cell. Its reaction is not reversible in practice, unlike the secondary cells this glossary is mostly about.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. IEC 62619:2022 — Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications

   International Electrotechnical Commission · 2022

   Topic background · Industrial and stationary lithium-battery safety scope; excludes road vehicles where their dedicated standard applies.

2. Energy Storage System Testing and Certification

   UL Solutions

   Topic background · System safety scope of UL 9540 and relationships to battery and power-conversion standards.