Primary cell

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.

This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.

Connected concepts

Related concepts from the knowledge graph. Connections show context, not cause and effect. Hover or focus a linked term for its definition.

IEC 60086-5

Part 5 of the IEC primary-battery series: safety tests and requirements for non-rechargeable batteries with aqueous electrolyte, such as alkaline, zinc–carbon and zinc–air, covering both intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Lithium primary batteries are covered separately, in part 4.

Lithium-ion battery

A rechargeable cell in which lithium ions shuttle between two intercalation electrodes, typically graphite and a lithium metal oxide, through a non-aqueous electrolyte. Commercialised in 1991, it dominates portable electronics, electric vehicles and new grid storage.

Lithium–iron disulfide cell

A primary cell with a lithium negative and an iron disulfide positive that gives 1.5 V, so it replaces alkaline AA and AAA cells directly. It is about a third lighter, holds its voltage under high-drain loads such as camera flashes, works down to −40 °C and keeps for many years on the shelf.

Secondary cell

A cell whose reaction runs in both directions, so it can be recharged by driving current back into it. Lithium-ion, lead–acid and nickel–metal hydride are all secondary chemistries.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities

   Jang Wook Choi, Doron Aurbach · Nature Reviews Materials · 2016

   Topic background · Post-lithium-ion materials and battery concepts, including practical cell-level limitations; historical 2016 perspective.

2. DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA

   Sandia National Laboratories · 2013

   Topic background · Storage technologies and grid services. The publisher notes that its historical cost and deployment figures are outdated.