Battery knowledge · Charging infrastructure
Vehicle-to-grid
Discharging a vehicle’s battery back into a house or the grid through a bidirectional charger, so parked cars act as storage. Vehicle-to-load and vehicle-to-home are the simpler forms that power appliances or a house directly.
- Abbreviation
- V2G
- Also called
- V2L, V2H, bidirectional charging
Example
Charging infrastructure: an example situation
A 100 kW model request does not establish real voltage, current, connector or negotiation compatibility.
Read Vehicle-to-grid alongside Cycle aging in this context. Degradation caused by charging and discharging: mechanical strain in the particles, fresh SEI on cracked surfaces and, at high rate or low temperature, lithium plating. It scales with charge throughput and grows with depth of discharge and C-rate.
Use in Lemonergy
Lemonergy Studio blocks
Model signed grid exchange
Explicit battery and converter exchange average power.
Blocks to use
- Scheduled import / export and load policy
Requests signed power
Inputs & settings
- mode
- reserveSoc / targetSoc
- loadPower, outage → command
- Bidirectional grid / load interface
Converts battery and grid/load power
Inputs & settings
- importEfficiency / exportEfficiency
- importLimitW / exportLimitW
- Electrical ports p and n
- Battery with SOC-dependent OCV
Stores charge and supplies terminal voltage
Inputs & settings
- capacityAh
- initialSoc
- emptyVoltageV / fullVoltageV
- resistanceOhm
- Electrical ports p and n
- Electrical reference
Sets zero potential
Inputs & settings
- Connect p to reference net
This overview identifies the components to use. Follow the example in Lemonergy for their connections and settings.
Example. −5 kW requests export; +5 kW requests import. 5 kW exported at 95% efficiency needs about 5.26 kW battery power.
Observe. Reserve and converter limits can reduce export.
This excludes AC waveforms, synchronization, communications and certification.
Open the Studio example →References & further reading
Further reading on this topic
These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.
- Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
U.S. Department of Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center
Topic background · U.S. charging equipment levels, charging infrastructure and connector context. Regional terminology varies.