Battery knowledge · Applications and market
Energy arbitrage
Charging a battery when electricity is cheap and discharging when it is expensive, the simplest revenue of grid storage. Peak shaving is the same idea applied to a site’s demand charges. [1]
- Also called
- peak shaving, load shifting
Example
Applications and market: an example situation
20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.
Read Energy arbitrage alongside Energy management system in this context. The site-level controller of a storage system that decides when to charge and discharge according to prices, grid signals and the battery’s limits, and dispatches those commands to the BMS and inverters.
Use in Lemonergy
Lemonergy Studio blocks
Compare charging policies
Compare authored schedules on the same hardware.
Blocks to use
- Charging schedule and target policy
Permits charging
Inputs & settings
- strategy
- targetSoc
- departureS
- soc, available, chargerDone → permit
- Shared site power allocator
Shares grid-side power
Inputs & settings
- limitW
- ports
- allocation
- Regulated CC/CV charger
Regulates current and voltage
Inputs & settings
- currentA
- voltageV
- cutoffCurrentA / cutoffHoldS
- Electrical ports p and n
- Battery with SOC-dependent OCV
Stores charge and supplies terminal voltage
Inputs & settings
- capacityAh
- initialSoc
- emptyVoltageV / fullVoltageV
- resistanceOhm
- Electrical ports p and n
This overview identifies the components to use. Follow the example in Lemonergy for their connections and settings.
- Set connection, tariff, window and target.
- Compare policies on this network.
Example. Connect a vehicle for eight hours with a cheaper window from hour 1 to hour 7.
Observe. Compare cost, peak power and departure shortfall.
This is deterministic policy comparison, not a forecast or economic optimum.
Open the Studio example →References & further reading
Technical references
- DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA
Sandia National Laboratories · 2013
Technical reference · Storage technologies and grid services. The publisher notes that its historical cost and deployment figures are outdated.