{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:vehicle-to-grid",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Vehicle-to-grid",
    "properties": {
      "id": "vehicle-to-grid",
      "name": "Vehicle-to-grid",
      "abbr": "V2G",
      "aka": [
        "V2L",
        "V2H",
        "bidirectional charging"
      ],
      "section": "topic-infrastructure",
      "definition": "Discharging a vehicle’s battery back into a house or the grid through a bidirectional charger, so parked cars act as storage. Vehicle-to-load and vehicle-to-home are the simpler forms that power appliances or a house directly.",
      "related": [
        "electric-vehicle",
        "stationary-storage",
        "energy-arbitrage",
        "cycle-aging"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vehicle-to-grid/",
      "mentions": [
        "charger"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:87",
      "source": "term:vehicle-to-grid",
      "target": "workflow:v2g",
      "type": "usedIn",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3132",
      "source": "term:vehicle-to-grid",
      "target": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3133",
      "source": "term:vehicle-to-grid",
      "target": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3134",
      "source": "term:vehicle-to-grid",
      "target": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3135",
      "source": "term:vehicle-to-grid",
      "target": "term:energy-arbitrage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3136",
      "source": "term:vehicle-to-grid",
      "target": "term:cycle-aging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/vehicle-to-grid/charger",
      "source": "term:vehicle-to-grid",
      "target": "term:charger",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "workflow:v2g",
      "type": "Workflow",
      "label": "Model signed grid exchange",
      "properties": {
        "id": "v2g",
        "title": "Model signed grid exchange",
        "kind": "studio",
        "summary": "Explicit battery and converter exchange average power.",
        "steps": [
          "Set export window and SOC reserve.",
          "Inspect power and energy."
        ],
        "example": "−5 kW requests export; +5 kW requests import. 5 kW exported at 95% efficiency needs about 5.26 kW battery power.",
        "observe": "Reserve and converter limits can reduce export.",
        "limits": "This excludes AC waveforms, synchronization, communications and certification.",
        "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim.html?example=charging-v2g",
        "label": "Open the Studio example",
        "evidence": [
          "js/charging-control.js",
          "js/charging-scenarios.js",
          "docs/CHARGING_BLOCKS_SPEC.md"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Charging infrastructure",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-infrastructure",
        "name": "Charging infrastructure",
        "lede": "Where and how vehicles are charged: charging strategies, power levels, connectors and the protocols between vehicle and charger.",
        "context": "Separate compatibility from requested average power.",
        "example": "A 100 kW model request does not establish real voltage, current, connector or negotiation compatibility.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electric vehicle",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electric-vehicle",
        "name": "Electric vehicle",
        "abbr": "EV",
        "aka": [
          "BEV",
          "battery electric vehicle"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A vehicle driven by an electric motor from a battery charged from the grid. A battery electric vehicle has no engine; it is the largest market for lithium-ion cells and the driver of most pack technology.",
        "related": [
          "hybrid-vehicle",
          "range",
          "pack",
          "regenerative-braking",
          "maritime-battery",
          "industrial-vehicle-battery"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electric-vehicle/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:energy-arbitrage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Energy arbitrage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "energy-arbitrage",
        "name": "Energy arbitrage",
        "aka": [
          "peak shaving",
          "load shifting"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Charging a battery when electricity is cheap and discharging when it is expensive, the simplest revenue of grid storage. Peak shaving is the same idea applied to a site’s demand charges.",
        "related": [
          "stationary-storage",
          "energy-management-system",
          "frequency-regulation",
          "levelized-cost-of-storage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy-arbitrage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cycle-aging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cycle aging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cycle-aging",
        "name": "Cycle aging",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "Degradation caused by charging and discharging: mechanical strain in the particles, fresh SEI on cracked surfaces and, at high rate or low temperature, lithium plating. It scales with charge throughput and grows with depth of discharge and C-rate.",
        "related": [
          "calendar-aging",
          "particle-cracking",
          "lithium-plating",
          "depth-of-discharge",
          "equivalent-full-cycle"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#cracking",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cycle-aging/",
        "mentions": [
          "sei",
          "c-rate",
          "energy-throughput"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charger",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charger",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charger",
        "name": "Charger",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The power electronics that convert mains or DC supply into the controlled current and voltage a battery needs. For lithium-ion it runs the CC-CV profile within the limits the BMS communicates, and stops rather than floats when the cell is full.",
        "related": [
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "bms",
          "onboard-charger",
          "dc-fast-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charger/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}