UN Regulation No. 100

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GTR 20

The UN Global Technical Regulation on electric vehicle safety, the basis of national rules in Europe, China, Japan and elsewhere. Its thermal propagation clause requires a warning to occupants at least five minutes before a hazardous condition in the cabin.

High-voltage interlock loop

A low-voltage signal loop threaded through every high-voltage connector and cover. Opening any of them breaks the loop and the BMS drops the contactors, so a technician cannot reach a live conductor.

Insulation resistance

The resistance between the high-voltage circuit and the vehicle chassis, which must stay above about 100 Ω per volt of pack voltage so a person touching the chassis is safe. An insulation monitoring device measures it continuously.

Rechargeable energy storage system

The regulatory name, in UN R100 and GTR 20, for the whole traction battery as installed: cells, housing, management electronics, connectors and cooling. Tests apply to the REESS as a unit, which is why a cell approval alone is not a vehicle approval.

R100.03

The third series of amendments to UN R100, in force for new vehicle types from 2023. It added the thermal-propagation requirement — a warning to occupants at least five minutes before a hazardous event in the cabin, aligned with GTR 20 — plus documentation of the battery’s safe-state behaviour and a low-energy exemption for small systems.

R100 Part II

The part of UN R100 that tests the battery system as a unit: vibration, thermal shock and cycling, mechanical shock and crash impact, fire resistance, external short circuit, overcharge and over-discharge protection, over-temperature protection and, from the 03 series, thermal propagation. Each test ends with a check that there is no fire, explosion, electrolyte leakage or loss of isolation.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8

   United Nations Economic Commission for Europe · 2023

   Topic background · Dangerous-goods classification tests; subsection 38.3 concerns battery transport testing.

2. Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8, Amendment 1

   United Nations Economic Commission for Europe · 2025

   Topic background · Amendments to Revision 8, including changes to battery testing in subsection 38.3.