Three-electrode cell

Example

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Record specimen, state, instrument, temperature and timing.

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Connected concepts

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Electrode potential

The potential of an electrode relative to a reference, which for lithium-ion work is lithium metal in the same electrolyte, written as V vs Li/Li⁺. Graphite sits near 0.1 V and layered oxides near 3.7–4.3 V on this scale.

Full cell

A test cell with both a real positive and a real negative electrode, as in a product. It is the only configuration that shows lithium inventory loss, since the lithium supply is finite.

Lithium plating

Lithium metal depositing on the negative-electrode surface instead of intercalating into it. It is promoted by charging at low temperature or high current.

Reference electrode

An electrode of stable, known potential against which another is measured. In lithium-ion work it is a piece of lithium metal, which defines the Li/Li⁺ scale; outside it the standard hydrogen electrode is the primary reference.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Battery Test Manual For Electric Vehicles, Revision 3

   Jon P. Christopherson · Idaho National Laboratory · 2015

   Topic background · Performance characterization, pulse resistance/power, life testing and reference performance tests; historical 2015 edition.