Lithium–sulfur dioxide cell

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.

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Bobbin cell

A cylindrical cell built as concentric layers — one electrode a central core, the other a sleeve around it — so it has one small electrode interface instead of a long wound one. It holds the most active material and self-discharges least, suiting decades of low current, as in alkaline and lithium–thionyl chloride cells; spiral-wound versions trade capacity for far higher current.

Lithium–manganese dioxide cell

The most common lithium primary chemistry: a lithium-metal negative, a heat-treated manganese dioxide positive and an organic electrolyte, giving 3 V. It fills CR-coded coin cells such as the CR2032 and cylindrical CR123A camera cells, and loses only about 1 % of its capacity a year in storage.

Lithium–thionyl chloride cell

A 3.6 V primary cell in which liquid thionyl chloride is both the electrolyte solvent and the positive reactant, reduced on a porous carbon electrode. A protective lithium chloride film keeps self-discharge around 1 % a year, so cells run utility meters and trackers for 10–20 years, but it also causes a voltage delay when a load is first applied.

Primary cell

A cell designed to be discharged once and not recharged, such as an alkaline or lithium–manganese dioxide cell. Its reaction is not reversible in practice, unlike the secondary cells this glossary is mostly about.

Vent

A scored area or a membrane in the cell can that opens at a set pressure, around ten to thirty bar for a cylindrical cell, so that gas escapes in a chosen direction instead of the case splitting at random.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities

   Jang Wook Choi, Doron Aurbach · Nature Reviews Materials · 2016

   Topic background · Post-lithium-ion materials and battery concepts, including practical cell-level limitations; historical 2016 perspective.

2. DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA

   Sandia National Laboratories · 2013

   Topic background · Storage technologies and grid services. The publisher notes that its historical cost and deployment figures are outdated.