{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Lithium–sulfur dioxide cell",
    "properties": {
      "id": "lithium-sulfur-dioxide",
      "name": "Lithium–sulfur dioxide cell",
      "abbr": "Li–SO₂",
      "aka": [
        "lithium sulfur dioxide",
        "Li/SO2",
        "BA-5590"
      ],
      "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
      "definition": "A 3.0 V primary cell whose positive reactant, sulfur dioxide, is dissolved as a liquid under a few bar of pressure in the electrolyte and reduced on a porous carbon electrode. Built spiral-wound, it delivers high currents down to about −40 °C, which made it the classic military radio battery; the pressure means every cell needs a vent.",
      "related": [
        "primary-cell",
        "lithium-thionyl-chloride",
        "lithium-manganese-dioxide",
        "vent",
        "bobbin-cell"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-sulfur-dioxide/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "electrolyte"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide/topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "source": "term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide",
      "target": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide/term:primary-cell",
      "source": "term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide",
      "target": "term:primary-cell",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide/term:lithium-thionyl-chloride",
      "source": "term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide",
      "target": "term:lithium-thionyl-chloride",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide/term:lithium-manganese-dioxide",
      "source": "term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide",
      "target": "term:lithium-manganese-dioxide",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide/term:vent",
      "source": "term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide",
      "target": "term:vent",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide/term:bobbin-cell",
      "source": "term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide",
      "target": "term:bobbin-cell",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/lithium-sulfur-dioxide/electrode",
      "source": "term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/lithium-sulfur-dioxide/electrolyte",
      "source": "term:lithium-sulfur-dioxide",
      "target": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Other and emerging chemistries",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "name": "Other and emerging chemistries",
        "lede": "Batteries beyond today’s lithium-ion: lead, nickel and primary cells, flow and metal–air batteries, solid-state and lithium-metal cells, and the multivalent and sodium chemistries in development.",
        "context": "Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.",
        "example": "Two chemistries can meet the same energy target with different voltage windows and charge termination.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:primary-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Primary cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "primary-cell",
        "name": "Primary cell",
        "aka": [
          "non-rechargeable battery",
          "primary battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell designed to be discharged once and not recharged, such as an alkaline or lithium–manganese dioxide cell. Its reaction is not reversible in practice, unlike the secondary cells this glossary is mostly about.",
        "related": [
          "secondary-cell",
          "lithium-ion",
          "iec-60086-5",
          "lithium-iron-disulfide",
          "iec-60086"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/primary-cell/",
        "mentions": [
          "lithium-manganese-dioxide",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-thionyl-chloride",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium–thionyl chloride cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-thionyl-chloride",
        "name": "Lithium–thionyl chloride cell",
        "abbr": "Li–SOCl₂",
        "aka": [
          "ER cell",
          "lithium thionyl chloride"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A 3.6 V primary cell in which liquid thionyl chloride is both the electrolyte solvent and the positive reactant, reduced on a porous carbon electrode. A protective lithium chloride film keeps self-discharge around 1 % a year, so cells run utility meters and trackers for 10–20 years, but it also causes a voltage delay when a load is first applied.",
        "related": [
          "primary-cell",
          "passivation",
          "self-discharge",
          "lithium-manganese-dioxide",
          "lithium-carbon-monofluoride"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-thionyl-chloride/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "electrolyte",
          "voltage-delay"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-manganese-dioxide",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium–manganese dioxide cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-manganese-dioxide",
        "name": "Lithium–manganese dioxide cell",
        "abbr": "Li–MnO₂",
        "aka": [
          "CR cell",
          "lithium coin cell",
          "CR123A"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "The most common lithium primary chemistry: a lithium-metal negative, a heat-treated manganese dioxide positive and an organic electrolyte, giving 3 V. It fills CR-coded coin cells such as the CR2032 and cylindrical CR123A camera cells, and loses only about 1 % of its capacity a year in storage.",
        "related": [
          "primary-cell",
          "coin-cell",
          "lithium-thionyl-chloride",
          "lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
          "self-discharge"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-manganese-dioxide/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:vent",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Vent",
      "properties": {
        "id": "vent",
        "name": "Vent",
        "aka": [
          "burst disc",
          "rupture disc"
        ],
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "A scored area or a membrane in the cell can that opens at a set pressure, around ten to thirty bar for a cylindrical cell, so that gas escapes in a chosen direction instead of the case splitting at random.",
        "related": [
          "venting",
          "can",
          "current-interrupt-device"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vent/",
        "mentions": [
          "cylindrical-cell"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:bobbin-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Bobbin cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "bobbin-cell",
        "name": "Bobbin cell",
        "aka": [
          "bobbin construction",
          "spiral-wound primary cell"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cylindrical cell built as concentric layers — one electrode a central core, the other a sleeve around it — so it has one small electrode interface instead of a long wound one. It holds the most active material and self-discharges least, suiting decades of low current, as in alkaline and lithium–thionyl chloride cells; spiral-wound versions trade capacity for far higher current.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-thionyl-chloride",
          "alkaline-cell",
          "jelly-roll",
          "primary-cell",
          "lithium-sulfur-dioxide"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/bobbin-cell/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "active-material",
          "cylindrical-cell"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte",
        "name": "Electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "electrolyte-additive",
          "ionic-conductivity",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "ionic-liquid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte",
        "example": {
          "title": "Ions and electrons",
          "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}