Battery knowledge · Capacity, energy, power and ratings

Specific energy

Stored energy per unit mass, in watt-hours per kilogram. Commercial lithium-ion cells range from about 160 Wh/kg for LFP to around 270 Wh/kg for high-nickel chemistries; at pack level the figure drops by a quarter or more.

Also called
gravimetric energy density
Unit
Wh/kg

Example

From charge to energy

5 Ah × 12 V = 60 Wh nominal energy.

Specific energy divides energy by mass; energy density divides it by volume.

Explore the graph

Voltage connects capacity in ampere-hours to nominal energy in watt-hours.

Nominal energy versus capacity
Nominal energy versus capacityCapacity (Ah) versus Energy (Wh). 12 V rating. Interpretation follows the graphs.00605120101801524020Capacity (Ah)Energy (Wh)
12 V rating

5 Ah × 12 V = 60 Wh nominal energy.

E_nominal = Q_nominal V_nominal; actual energy = ∫ VI dt

Illustrative model. Specific energy divides energy by mass; energy density divides it by volume.

Use in Lemonergy

Separate nameplate ratings from test results.

This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.

Learn it in Lesson 2 · Capacity and C-rate →

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

  1. The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition

    Bureau International des Poids et Mesures · 2026

    Topic background · Definitions of SI units and coherent derived units; 2026 revision.

  2. Battery Test Manual For Electric Vehicles, Revision 3

    Jon P. Christopherson · Idaho National Laboratory · 2015

    Topic background · Performance characterization, pulse resistance/power, life testing and reference performance tests; historical 2015 edition.