REACH Regulation

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Supply-chain due diligence

The obligation on battery makers to identify and address human-rights and environmental risks in their raw-material supply chains, following OECD guidance, and now a legal requirement in the EU for cobalt, lithium, nickel and graphite.

EU Battery Regulation

The European law, in force since 2023, that governs batteries over their whole life: carbon-footprint declarations, recycled-content minimums, due diligence on raw materials, performance and durability requirements, removability, the battery passport and collection and recycling targets.

NMP

The solvent that dissolves PVDF binder for positive-electrode slurries. It is toxic and regulated, so plants recover and distil nearly all of it; eliminating it is a main motivation for dry electrode processes.

RoHS

The EU directive restricting ten substances in electrical and electronic equipment — lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, two families of brominated flame retardants and four phthalates — to 0.1 % by weight of each homogeneous material, 0.01 % for cadmium. Batteries themselves fall under battery law instead, but the chargers and devices around them must comply.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 concerning batteries and waste batteries

   European Union / EUR-Lex · 2023

   Topic background · Battery sustainability, information, waste management and battery passport provisions. Consult the current consolidated text and applicable implementing acts.