Product Environmental Footprint

Example

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Carbon footprint declaration

The first lifecycle obligation of the EU Battery Regulation for EV, industrial and LMT batteries: a declared carbon footprint per kWh calculated to a harmonised method, followed by performance classes and, later, a maximum threshold above which a battery cannot be sold.

Functional unit

The quantified service against which a life-cycle assessment reports its results, so that different products can be compared fairly. For EU battery carbon footprints it is one kilowatt-hour of total energy delivered over the battery’s service life, so a longer-lived battery spreads its production emissions over more energy.

Global warming potential

How much heat a greenhouse gas traps over a set horizon, usually 100 years, relative to the same mass of carbon dioxide. On IPCC AR6 values fossil methane scores about 30, nitrous oxide 273 and sulfur hexafluoride about 25 000; multiplying each emission by its GWP gives the CO₂-equivalent totals of a battery’s carbon footprint.

ISO 14040 and ISO 14044

The pair of international standards that define life-cycle assessment: ISO 14040 sets out the principles and framework, ISO 14044 the requirements. They prescribe four phases — goal and scope, inventory, impact assessment and interpretation — and a critical review before comparisons are published; battery footprint methods such as PEF build on them.

Life-cycle assessment

The method for totalling a product’s environmental impact from raw material to end of life, standardised in ISO 14040. For a battery it is what turns mining, production, use and recycling data into a carbon footprint.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 concerning batteries and waste batteries

   European Union / EUR-Lex · 2023

   Topic background · Battery sustainability, information, waste management and battery passport provisions. Consult the current consolidated text and applicable implementing acts.