Battery knowledge · Materials analysis and post-mortem
Operando and in-situ measurement
Measuring a cell inside its working environment rather than after taking it apart (ex situ): in situ means within the cell or its surroundings, operando means while it is actually charging or discharging. Operando methods catch transient states, such as phases or plated lithium that vanish during rest or disassembly. [1]
- Also called
- operando, in situ, in-situ, ex situ
Example
Materials analysis and post-mortem: an example situation
Surface and bulk measurements may find different compositions in the same electrode without contradiction.
Read Operando and in-situ measurement alongside Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry in this context. Feeding gas from an operating cell straight into a mass spectrometer, so each species is identified and quantified as it forms. It shows ethylene from ethylene carbonate reduction during formation, and the oxygen and carbon dioxide released by layered oxides at high state of charge, tying each gas to the voltage that made it.
Use in Lemonergy
Connect results with scale and specimen preparation.
This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.
References & further reading
Technical references
- Advanced characterization techniques for solid state lithium battery research
Yuxuan Xiang, Xia Li, Yongqiang Cheng, Xueliang Sun, Yong Yang · Materials Today · 2020
Technical reference · X-ray, solid-state NMR and neutron methods in solid-state battery research.