Battery knowledge · Lithium-ion chemistries and cell formats
Olivine structure
The orthorhombic structure of LiFePO₄ and its relatives, in which phosphate groups lock oxygen in place and lithium lies in one-dimensional channels. Strong phosphorus–oxygen bonds make the material thermally stable and long-lived, but one-dimensional diffusion and poor electronic conductivity call for small, carbon-coated particles. LMFP substitutes manganese to raise the voltage. [1]
- Also called
- LiMPO₄ structure, phospho-olivine
Example
Lithium-ion chemistries and cell formats: an example situation
Two cylindrical cells can share dimensions yet differ in cathode, capacity and current limits.
Read Olivine structure alongside Layered oxide in this context. The crystal structure of LCO, NMC and NCA: close-packed oxygen layers with lithium and transition-metal ions in alternate layers of octahedral sites, so lithium moves in two-dimensional sheets. The structure offers high capacity and voltage but can distort or mix cations when deeply delithiated. Sodium versions are labelled O3 or P2 by their stacking.
Use in Lemonergy
Separate chemistry from form factor.
This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.
References & further reading
Technical references
- A reflection on lithium-ion battery cathode chemistry
Arumugam Manthiram · Nature Communications · 2020
Technical reference · Layered oxides, spinels and polyanion cathodes; links between composition, structure and performance.