Battery knowledge · Charging and discharging
Low-voltage disconnect
A cutoff that disconnects the load when battery voltage falls to a set point, protecting against over-discharge. In a lithium-ion pack the BMS performs it; in off-grid lead–acid systems it is a function of the charge controller.
- Abbreviation
- LVD
Example
Charging and discharging: an example situation
The same CC–CV law can operate overnight or during a short depot stop.
Read Low-voltage disconnect alongside Battery management system in this context. The electronics and software that keep a battery inside its safe window: measuring every cell voltage and many temperatures, estimating SOC and SOH, balancing cells, computing current limits, controlling the contactors and reporting over the vehicle network.
Use in Lemonergy
Design protocol or analysis tool
Stop at a declared limit
A discharge can end at temperature or voltage thresholds.
Equation or tool to use
- Discharge with ending condition
Stops at threshold
Inputs & settings
- mode: cc
- until: tC or vCell
- Maximum duration
This overview identifies the components to use. Follow the example in Lemonergy for their connections and settings.
Example. The template uses 30 A, 1800 s maximum, 45 °C and a 3.0 V cell floor to illustrate stopping.
Observe. A threshold can end the run early.
This simulated screen is not abuse testing or proof that the battery or protection system is safe.
Open Design → Protocol bench →References & further reading
Further reading on this topic
These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.
- Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review
Anna Tomaszewska et al. · eTransportation · 2019
Topic background · CC-CV and alternative charging protocols, transport limitations, degradation and thermal implications; results depend on cell and test conditions. Software behavior is documented separately in Lemonergy block references.