{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:low-voltage-disconnect",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Low-voltage disconnect",
    "properties": {
      "id": "low-voltage-disconnect",
      "name": "Low-voltage disconnect",
      "abbr": "LVD",
      "section": "topic-charging",
      "definition": "A cutoff that disconnects the load when battery voltage falls to a set point, protecting against over-discharge. In a lithium-ion pack the BMS performs it; in off-grid lead–acid systems it is a function of the charge controller.",
      "related": [
        "over-discharge",
        "cutoff-voltage",
        "bms",
        "protection-circuit"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/low-voltage-disconnect/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:149",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-disconnect",
      "target": "workflow:bounded-screen",
      "type": "usedIn",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3581",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-disconnect",
      "target": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3582",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-disconnect",
      "target": "term:over-discharge",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3583",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-disconnect",
      "target": "term:cutoff-voltage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3584",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-disconnect",
      "target": "term:bms",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3585",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-disconnect",
      "target": "term:protection-circuit",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "workflow:bounded-screen",
      "type": "Workflow",
      "label": "Stop at a declared limit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "bounded-screen",
        "title": "Stop at a declared limit",
        "kind": "protocol",
        "summary": "A discharge can end at temperature or voltage thresholds.",
        "steps": [
          "Open Bounded discharge screening.",
          "Inspect endings and the reported stop reason."
        ],
        "example": "The template uses 30 A, 1800 s maximum, 45 °C and a 3.0 V cell floor to illustrate stopping.",
        "observe": "A threshold can end the run early.",
        "limits": "This simulated screen is not abuse testing or proof that the battery or protection system is safe.",
        "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/",
        "label": "Open Design → Protocol bench",
        "evidence": [
          "js/test-protocol.js"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Charging and discharging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-charging",
        "name": "Charging and discharging",
        "lede": "How current goes in and comes out, and the limits that stop it.",
        "context": "Separate regulation from availability.",
        "example": "The same CC–CV law can operate overnight or during a short depot stop.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:over-discharge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Over-discharge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "over-discharge",
        "name": "Over-discharge",
        "aka": [
          "deep discharge"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Discharging below the lower cutoff voltage. Near 1.5 V the copper current collector begins to dissolve, and on the next charge it can redeposit as metal that shorts the cell, so a deeply discharged cell should not simply be recharged.",
        "related": [
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "copper-dissolution",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "bms",
          "low-voltage-disconnect"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/over-discharge/",
        "mentions": [
          "current-collector"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cutoff-voltage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cutoff voltage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cutoff-voltage",
        "name": "Cutoff voltage",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The terminal-voltage limit that ends a discharge, or caps a charge — in constant-current, constant-voltage (CC-CV) charging the cell is then held at that voltage until the current falls to a cutoff. A real discharge ends at the lower cutoff, which is why actual runtime can differ from the ideal duration.",
        "unit": "V",
        "related": [
          "voltage-window",
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "ideal-duration",
          "over-discharge",
          "overcharge"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#real-cells",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cutoff-voltage/",
        "mentions": [
          "service-life"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:bms",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery management system",
      "properties": {
        "id": "bms",
        "name": "Battery management system",
        "abbr": "BMS",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The electronics and software that keep a battery inside its safe window: measuring every cell voltage and many temperatures, estimating SOC and SOH, balancing cells, computing current limits, controlling the contactors and reporting over the vehicle network.",
        "related": [
          "state-of-charge",
          "cell-balancing",
          "state-of-power",
          "cell-supervision-circuit",
          "contactor",
          "can-bus"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#cell-module-pack",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/bms/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-health",
          "cell-voltage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:protection-circuit",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Protection circuit module",
      "properties": {
        "id": "protection-circuit",
        "name": "Protection circuit module",
        "abbr": "PCM",
        "aka": [
          "protection board",
          "PCB"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The small circuit on a consumer cell or pack that disconnects it on overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent or overtemperature, using MOSFETs as switches. It is the minimum BMS; it protects but does not estimate state or balance.",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "overcharge",
          "over-discharge",
          "fuel-gauge"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/protection-circuit/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}