Lithium–iodine cell

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.

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Lithium metal anode

A negative electrode made of lithium metal itself. It stores about ten times more charge per gram than graphite, which is the main attraction of solid-state cells, but it is reactive and prone to uneven deposits.

Lithium–silver vanadium oxide cell

The primary cell inside most implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: a lithium anode against silver vanadium oxide, Ag₂V₄O₁₁, in a liquid electrolyte. It idles for years at microamperes, then delivers pulses of one to three amperes for seconds to charge the shock capacitor, and its sloping discharge curve lets the device predict replacement. Newer designs blend in CFx for energy.

Medical device batteries

Batteries for devices from infusion pumps and portable monitors to pacemakers. External equipment uses rechargeable packs tested to IEC 62133 and approved as part of the device under IEC 60601-1, built under ISO 13485 with full traceability; implants use hermetic primary cells such as lithium–iodine and lithium–silver vanadium oxide, chosen for years of predictable life.

Primary cell

A cell designed to be discharged once and not recharged, such as an alkaline or lithium–manganese dioxide cell. Its reaction is not reversible in practice, unlike the secondary cells this glossary is mostly about.

Solid electrolyte

A solid ion conductor that replaces the liquid electrolyte in an all-solid-state cell. Oxide, sulfide, halide and polymer families each need a different production route.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities

   Jang Wook Choi, Doron Aurbach · Nature Reviews Materials · 2016

   Topic background · Post-lithium-ion materials and battery concepts, including practical cell-level limitations; historical 2016 perspective.

2. DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA

   Sandia National Laboratories · 2013

   Topic background · Storage technologies and grid services. The publisher notes that its historical cost and deployment figures are outdated.