GB/T 31467

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Capacity test

A defined capacity test with specified charge, rest, discharge and cutoff conditions, usually a full CC-CV charge, a rest, and a C/3 or lower discharge to the lower cutoff at 25 °C. The delivered ampere-hours are the cell’s measured capacity.

GB 38031

China’s mandatory national safety standard for electric-vehicle traction batteries. Its 2025 revision, mandatory from July 2026, requires that a single-cell thermal runaway produce no fire or explosion in the pack, going beyond the five-minute warning of earlier rules.

GB/T 31485

China’s 2015 safety standard for lithium-ion and nickel–metal hydride traction cells and modules, with abuse tests such as overcharge, over-discharge, short circuit, drop, heating, crush and nail penetration, plus seawater immersion and low pressure for cells. Together with GB/T 31467.3 for packs, it was superseded in 2021 by the mandatory GB 38031.

ISO 12405

The international standard for testing lithium-ion battery packs and systems in electric vehicles, covering performance, reliability and abuse at pack level. Part 4 is the current performance specification.

Battery pack

The complete battery as installed: modules or cells, the BMS, contactors and fuses, busbars, cooling, sensors and an enclosure. Its energy is the sum of its cells’ energies; its mass and volume are a good deal more.

QC/T 743

China’s 2006 automotive-industry standard for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, written around 3.6 V cells and modules built from them, with performance tests and abuse tests such as overcharge, short circuit, heating and crush. It is now listed as obsolete; traction batteries in China are tested to national standards such as GB 38031.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8

   United Nations Economic Commission for Europe · 2023

   Topic background · Dangerous-goods classification tests; subsection 38.3 concerns battery transport testing.

2. Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8, Amendment 1

   United Nations Economic Commission for Europe · 2025

   Topic background · Amendments to Revision 8, including changes to battery testing in subsection 38.3.