Faradaic current

Example

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Butler–Volmer equation

The kinetic law relating current density at an electrode to its overpotential: current grows exponentially with overpotential in each direction. It is the charge-transfer term in every physics-based cell model.

Capacitive current

Current that charges or discharges the electric double layer at an electrode without any chemical reaction, proportional to the rate of change of potential. In cyclic voltammetry it grows linearly with scan rate while diffusion-limited faradaic peaks grow with its square root, which is how the two are separated; double-layer capacitors rely on it entirely.

Charge transfer

The step in which an electron crosses the interface between electrode and electrolyte as an ion is inserted or removed. Its resistance appears as a semicircle in impedance spectra and grows as films thicken and the cell cools.

Faraday’s law of electrolysis

The amount of substance transformed at an electrode is proportional to the charge passed: one mole of electrons per Faraday. It converts a material’s formula into its theoretical capacity in mAh/g.

Redox reaction

A reaction in which electrons move from one species to another: one is oxidised, the other reduced. A battery separates the two halves onto two electrodes so the electrons must travel through the external circuit.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, 2nd printing

   IUPAC · 2011

   Topic background · Physical-chemistry notation, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and transport quantities.