Capacitive current

Example

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Connect reaction sites and transport paths.

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Cyclic voltammetry

Sweeping an electrode’s potential up and down at a fixed rate and recording the current, so each reaction shows as a peak at its potential. It is a materials-screening tool; in battery work the abbreviation CV more often means constant voltage.

Electric double layer

The thin region at an electrode surface where ions in the electrolyte line up against the charge on the electrode, behaving like a capacitor. It stores a little charge without any reaction and shapes the high-frequency part of an impedance spectrum.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Measuring a cell’s impedance across a range of frequencies, from kilohertz to millihertz, with a small alternating signal. The spectrum separates ohmic, interface and diffusion processes by their time scale and is read on a Nyquist plot.

Faradaic current

Current carried by electron transfer in a redox reaction at an electrode, so that the charge passed and the material converted are tied together by Faraday’s law. Almost all of a battery’s capacity is faradaic; the small remainder is capacitive current that charges the double layer.

Supercapacitor

A device that stores charge in the electric double layer on high-surface-area carbon rather than in a reaction. It delivers very high power and lasts a million cycles but stores only a few watt-hours per kilogram.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, 2nd printing

   IUPAC · 2011

   Topic background · Physical-chemistry notation, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and transport quantities.