Redox reaction

Example

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Connected concepts

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Electrode potential

The potential of an electrode relative to a reference, which for lithium-ion work is lithium metal in the same electrolyte, written as V vs Li/Li⁺. Graphite sits near 0.1 V and layered oxides near 3.7–4.3 V on this scale.

Galvanic cell

Any device that turns the free energy of a spontaneous redox reaction into electrical work by separating its two half-reactions onto two electrodes. A battery is one or more galvanic cells; when charged it runs as an electrolytic cell.

Half-reaction

The oxidation or reduction occurring at one electrode, written on its own with electrons shown explicitly. The cell reaction is the sum of its two half-reactions, and the cell voltage is the difference of their potentials.

Oxidation

Loss of electrons by a species. On discharge the negative electrode is oxidised as lithium leaves it as Li⁺, which is why that electrode is called the anode.

Reduction

Gain of electrons by a species. On discharge the positive electrode is reduced as it takes up lithium ions and electrons, which is why it is called the cathode.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, 2nd printing

   IUPAC · 2011

   Topic background · Physical-chemistry notation, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and transport quantities.