{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:faradaic-current",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Faradaic current",
    "properties": {
      "id": "faradaic-current",
      "name": "Faradaic current",
      "aka": [
        "faradaic process"
      ],
      "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
      "definition": "Current carried by electron transfer in a redox reaction at an electrode, so that the charge passed and the material converted are tied together by Faraday’s law. Almost all of a battery’s capacity is faradaic; the small remainder is capacitive current that charges the double layer.",
      "related": [
        "capacitive-current",
        "faradays-law",
        "charge-transfer",
        "redox-reaction",
        "butler-volmer"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/faradaic-current/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6680",
      "source": "term:faradaic-current",
      "target": "topic:topic-electrochemistry",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6681",
      "source": "term:faradaic-current",
      "target": "term:capacitive-current",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6682",
      "source": "term:faradaic-current",
      "target": "term:faradays-law",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6683",
      "source": "term:faradaic-current",
      "target": "term:charge-transfer",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6684",
      "source": "term:faradaic-current",
      "target": "term:redox-reaction",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6685",
      "source": "term:faradaic-current",
      "target": "term:butler-volmer",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/faradaic-current/electrode",
      "source": "term:faradaic-current",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-electrochemistry",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "name": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
        "lede": "The reactions and potentials that make a cell a battery.",
        "context": "Connect reaction sites and transport paths.",
        "example": "A circuit can predict terminal voltage while leaving electrode potentials and reaction kinetics unresolved.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:capacitive-current",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Capacitive current",
      "properties": {
        "id": "capacitive-current",
        "name": "Capacitive current",
        "aka": [
          "non-faradaic current",
          "double-layer charging current"
        ],
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "Current that charges or discharges the electric double layer at an electrode without any chemical reaction, proportional to the rate of change of potential. In cyclic voltammetry it grows linearly with scan rate while diffusion-limited faradaic peaks grow with its square root, which is how the two are separated; double-layer capacitors rely on it entirely.",
        "formula": "i_C = C_dl · dE/dt",
        "related": [
          "double-layer",
          "faradaic-current",
          "cyclic-voltammetry",
          "supercapacitor",
          "electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Predict a scan-rate contribution",
          "text": "For an ideal 20 μF double-layer capacitance and a potential scan of 0.10 V/s, i_C = C_dl dE/dt gives 2 μA. Faradaic current can add to this background."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/capacitive-current/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:faradays-law",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Faraday’s law of electrolysis",
      "properties": {
        "id": "faradays-law",
        "name": "Faraday’s law of electrolysis",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "The amount of substance transformed at an electrode is proportional to the charge passed: one mole of electrons per Faraday. It converts a material’s formula into its theoretical capacity in mAh/g.",
        "formula": "m = Q·M / (n·F)",
        "related": [
          "faradays-constant",
          "theoretical-capacity",
          "specific-capacity"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Convert charge to ideal deposited mass",
          "text": "For a hypothetical one-electron species with molar mass 50 g/mol, transferring 1 Ah = 3600 C corresponds to about 1.87 g at 100% Faradaic efficiency. Side reactions reduce the intended deposited amount."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/faradays-law/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charge-transfer",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charge transfer",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charge-transfer",
        "name": "Charge transfer",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "The step in which an electron crosses the interface between electrode and electrolyte as an ion is inserted or removed. Its resistance appears as a semicircle in impedance spectra and grows as films thicken and the cell cools.",
        "related": [
          "butler-volmer",
          "double-layer",
          "electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy",
          "overpotential",
          "solvation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charge-transfer/",
        "mentions": [
          "impedance",
          "electrode",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:redox-reaction",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Redox reaction",
      "properties": {
        "id": "redox-reaction",
        "name": "Redox reaction",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "A reaction in which electrons move from one species to another: one is oxidised, the other reduced. A battery separates the two halves onto two electrodes so the electrons must travel through the external circuit.",
        "related": [
          "oxidation",
          "reduction",
          "half-reaction",
          "electrode-potential",
          "galvanic-cell"
        ],
        "lesson": "labs/battery-materials-lab/#bml-aqueous-mechanism",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/redox-reaction/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:butler-volmer",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Butler–Volmer equation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "butler-volmer",
        "name": "Butler–Volmer equation",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "The kinetic law relating current density at an electrode to its overpotential: current grows exponentially with overpotential in each direction. It is the charge-transfer term in every physics-based cell model.",
        "formula": "i = i₀[exp(α_a·Fη/RT) − exp(−α_c·Fη/RT)]",
        "related": [
          "overpotential",
          "exchange-current-density",
          "charge-transfer",
          "newman-model"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare equilibrium with a positive overpotential",
          "text": "For a symmetric one-electron example at 298.15 K, αa = αc = 0.5 and η = 25.7 mV give i/i₀ ≈ 1.04. At η = 0 the forward and reverse contributions cancel, so net current is zero."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/butler-volmer/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}