Electrodeposition

Example

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Copper foil

The negative current collector, typically 6–10 µm thick. Copper is used because it is stable at the low potential of a graphite electrode, where aluminium would alloy with lithium.

Dendrite

A tree-like metal deposit that can grow from the negative electrode through the separator, raising self-discharge or causing an internal short circuit.

Electrolytic cell

An electrochemical cell in which an external power source drives a reaction that would not run on its own, as in water electrolysis or aluminium production. A rechargeable battery becomes one while charging; oxidation then occurs at the positive electrode, which is why calling that electrode the cathode is strictly correct only on discharge.

Lithium metal anode

A negative electrode made of lithium metal itself. It stores about ten times more charge per gram than graphite, which is the main attraction of solid-state cells, but it is reactive and prone to uneven deposits.

Lithium plating

Lithium metal depositing on the negative-electrode surface instead of intercalating into it. It is promoted by charging at low temperature or high current.

Reduction

Gain of electrons by a species. On discharge the positive electrode is reduced as it takes up lithium ions and electrons, which is why it is called the cathode.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, 2nd printing

   IUPAC · 2011

   Topic background · Physical-chemistry notation, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and transport quantities.