{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:electrodeposition",
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    "label": "Electrodeposition",
    "properties": {
      "id": "electrodeposition",
      "name": "Electrodeposition",
      "aka": [
        "electroplating",
        "electrolytic deposition"
      ],
      "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
      "definition": "Depositing a solid, usually a metal, onto an electrode by reducing its dissolved ions. Most battery copper foil is made this way on a rotating drum, and even plating and stripping of lithium or zinc decides whether metal electrodes work; lithium plating on graphite is the same process happening where it is not wanted.",
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        "lithium-plating",
        "copper-foil",
        "dendrite",
        "lithium-metal-anode",
        "reduction",
        "electrolytic-cell"
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        "electrode",
        "graphite"
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      "source": "term:electrodeposition",
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      "source": "term:electrodeposition",
      "target": "term:electrolytic-cell",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:mentions/electrodeposition/electrode",
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      "target": "term:electrode",
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      "id": "topic:topic-electrochemistry",
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      "label": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
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        "id": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "name": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
        "lede": "The reactions and potentials that make a cell a battery.",
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        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
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      "id": "term:lithium-plating",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium plating",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-plating",
        "name": "Lithium plating",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "Lithium metal depositing on the negative-electrode surface instead of intercalating into it. It is promoted by charging at low temperature or high current.",
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          "dendrite",
          "fast-charging",
          "intercalation",
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      "id": "term:copper-foil",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Copper foil",
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        "id": "copper-foil",
        "name": "Copper foil",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The negative current collector, typically 6–10 µm thick. Copper is used because it is stable at the low potential of a graphite electrode, where aluminium would alloy with lithium.",
        "related": [
          "current-collector",
          "aluminium-foil",
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          "title": "Count collector mass",
          "text": "At equal area and density, doubling foil thickness doubles foil mass. Active-material-only capacity omits that mass change."
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/copper-foil/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite"
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      "id": "term:dendrite",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Dendrite",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dendrite",
        "name": "Dendrite",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "A tree-like metal deposit that can grow from the negative electrode through the separator, raising self-discharge or causing an internal short circuit.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-plating",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "lithium-metal-anode",
          "separator"
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          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode",
          "self-discharge",
          "short-circuit"
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      "id": "term:lithium-metal-anode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium metal anode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-metal-anode",
        "name": "Lithium metal anode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A negative electrode made of lithium metal itself. It stores about ten times more charge per gram than graphite, which is the main attraction of solid-state cells, but it is reactive and prone to uneven deposits.",
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        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode",
          "graphite"
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      "id": "term:reduction",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Reduction",
      "properties": {
        "id": "reduction",
        "name": "Reduction",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "Gain of electrons by a species. On discharge the positive electrode is reduced as it takes up lithium ions and electrons, which is why it is called the cathode.",
        "related": [
          "oxidation",
          "cathode",
          "redox-reaction"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/reduction/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode"
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    {
      "id": "term:electrolytic-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolytic cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolytic-cell",
        "name": "Electrolytic cell",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "An electrochemical cell in which an external power source drives a reaction that would not run on its own, as in water electrolysis or aluminium production. A rechargeable battery becomes one while charging; oxidation then occurs at the positive electrode, which is why calling that electrode the cathode is strictly correct only on discharge.",
        "related": [
          "galvanic-cell",
          "charge",
          "redox-reaction",
          "positive-electrode",
          "cathode",
          "faradays-law"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolytic-cell/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "secondary-cell",
          "oxidation"
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    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
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    },
    {
      "id": "term:graphite",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Graphite",
      "properties": {
        "id": "graphite",
        "name": "Graphite",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "Layered carbon, the negative active material of nearly all lithium-ion cells. Lithium intercalates between its layers up to LiC₆, a theoretical 372 mAh/g, at a potential about 0.1 V above lithium metal.",
        "related": [
          "anode-active-material",
          "intercalation",
          "natural-graphite",
          "synthetic-graphite",
          "lithium-plating"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare matching mass bases",
          "text": "A graphite value per gram of active material cannot be directly compared with a value including binder, additive and foil."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/graphite/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "active-material"
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      }
    }
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}