Battery knowledge · Recycling and end of life
Crystallisation
Evaporating a purified solution until a battery-grade salt crystallises out — nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, lithium hydroxide — ready to be sold back to precursor and cathode plants.
- Also called
- evaporative crystallisation, nickel sulfate crystallisation
Example
Recycling and end of life: an example situation
High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.
Read Crystallisation alongside Lithium hydroxide in this context. The lithium chemical required for high-nickel cathodes, which must be fired at temperatures too low for lithium carbonate to react. It is made from spodumene directly or by converting carbonate.
Use in Lemonergy
Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.
This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.
References & further reading
Further reading on this topic
These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.
- Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Topic background · Battery construction, recycling routes and U.S. waste-management context.
- Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles
Gavin Harper et al. · Nature · 2019
Topic background · Reuse, disassembly and mechanical, hydro-, pyro- and direct recycling routes.