{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:crystallisation",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Crystallisation",
    "properties": {
      "id": "crystallisation",
      "name": "Crystallisation",
      "aka": [
        "evaporative crystallisation",
        "nickel sulfate crystallisation"
      ],
      "section": "topic-recycling",
      "definition": "Evaporating a purified solution until a battery-grade salt crystallises out — nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, lithium hydroxide — ready to be sold back to precursor and cathode plants.",
      "related": [
        "solvent-extraction",
        "nickel-sulfate",
        "lithium-hydroxide",
        "precursor"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/crystallisation/",
      "mentions": [
        "cathode",
        "cobalt"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4367",
      "source": "term:crystallisation",
      "target": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4368",
      "source": "term:crystallisation",
      "target": "term:solvent-extraction",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4369",
      "source": "term:crystallisation",
      "target": "term:nickel-sulfate",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4370",
      "source": "term:crystallisation",
      "target": "term:lithium-hydroxide",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4371",
      "source": "term:crystallisation",
      "target": "term:precursor",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/crystallisation/cathode",
      "source": "term:crystallisation",
      "target": "term:cathode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/crystallisation/cobalt",
      "source": "term:crystallisation",
      "target": "term:cobalt",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Recycling and end of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-recycling",
        "name": "Recycling and end of life",
        "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.",
        "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.",
        "example": "High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open process context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:solvent-extraction",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Solvent extraction",
      "properties": {
        "id": "solvent-extraction",
        "name": "Solvent extraction",
        "abbr": "SX",
        "aka": [
          "liquid–liquid extraction",
          "Cyanex 272",
          "D2EHPA"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Separating metals in the leach liquor by contacting it with an organic phase carrying an extractant that picks up one metal at a time, controlled by pH: manganese, then cobalt, then nickel, leaving lithium in the water. It is how recyclers reach battery-grade sulfates.",
        "related": [
          "leaching",
          "precipitation",
          "crystallisation",
          "hydrometallurgy"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/solvent-extraction/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:nickel-sulfate",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Nickel sulfate",
      "properties": {
        "id": "nickel-sulfate",
        "name": "Nickel sulfate",
        "aka": [
          "class 1 nickel"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The battery-grade nickel chemical fed to precursor plants, made from high-purity class 1 nickel or increasingly from Indonesian laterite ore by high-pressure acid leaching. It is the largest cost in a high-nickel cathode.",
        "related": [
          "precursor",
          "nmc",
          "high-nickel",
          "critical-raw-materials"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nickel-sulfate/",
        "mentions": [
          "cathode",
          "leaching"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-hydroxide",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium hydroxide",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-hydroxide",
        "name": "Lithium hydroxide",
        "abbr": "LiOH",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The lithium chemical required for high-nickel cathodes, which must be fired at temperatures too low for lithium carbonate to react. It is made from spodumene directly or by converting carbonate.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-carbonate",
          "high-nickel",
          "calcination",
          "spodumene"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-hydroxide/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:precursor",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Precursor cathode active material",
      "properties": {
        "id": "precursor",
        "name": "Precursor cathode active material",
        "abbr": "pCAM",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The mixed nickel–manganese–cobalt hydroxide made by co-precipitation from metal sulfate solutions, before lithium is added. Its particle size and shape are set here and carried through to the finished NMC powder.",
        "related": [
          "cathode-active-material",
          "calcination",
          "nmc",
          "nickel-sulfate"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/precursor/",
        "mentions": [
          "particle-size",
          "cobalt",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cathode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cathode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cathode",
        "name": "Cathode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode where reduction happens: the positive electrode on discharge, the negative one on charge. In industry usage, “cathode” means the positive electrode and its material, whatever the cell is doing.",
        "related": [
          "positive-electrode",
          "anode",
          "reduction",
          "cathode-active-material"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Check the reaction",
          "text": "During discharge, the positive electrode is the cathode because reduction occurs there. Charging moves reduction to the negative electrode."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cathode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cobalt",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cobalt",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cobalt",
        "name": "Cobalt",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The metal that stabilises layered-oxide cathodes, mined largely in the Democratic Republic of Congo under scrutiny for working conditions. Its price and ethics have driven the industry from LCO and NMC111 towards high-nickel and cobalt-free LFP.",
        "related": [
          "nmc",
          "lco",
          "high-nickel",
          "critical-raw-materials",
          "due-diligence"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cobalt/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}