Battery knowledge · Vehicle and transport standards
49 CFR
Title 49 of the US Code of Federal Regulations, whose Hazardous Materials Regulations, issued by PHMSA, govern shipping batteries within and from the United States. Section 173.185 covers lithium cells and batteries: every design must pass UN 38.3, small cells and batteries get lighter rules, and damaged or recalled ones may travel only by road, rail or vessel.
- Also called
- Hazardous Materials Regulations, HMR, PHMSA, 49 CFR 173.185
Example
Vehicle and transport standards: an example situation
Shipping tests and vehicle battery approval tests address different uses; passing one does not automatically satisfy another.
Read 49 CFR alongside ADR, RID and ADN in this context. The international agreements for carrying dangerous goods by road (ADR, under UNECE), rail (RID, under OTIF) and inland waterway (ADN), revised together every two years in line with the UN Model Regulations. They set how lithium cells and batteries are classified, packed, marked and documented on land; the rules for damaged or defective batteries sit in special provisions 376 and 377.
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References & further reading
Further reading on this topic
These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.
- UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe · 2023
Topic background · Dangerous-goods classification tests; subsection 38.3 concerns battery transport testing.
- Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8, Amendment 1
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe · 2025
Topic background · Amendments to Revision 8, including changes to battery testing in subsection 38.3.