ADR, RID and ADN

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Damaged and defective battery transport

The dangerous-goods rules for moving lithium batteries that are damaged, defective or sent for disposal, set in ADR special provisions 376 and 377: specific packagings, and for batteries liable to react dangerously, packaging approved for that risk. A swollen or crashed pack is never shipped as an ordinary battery.

IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations

The airline industry’s manual for shipping dangerous goods by air, built on the ICAO Technical Instructions and reissued every year. Lithium batteries fall under packing instructions 965–967 for lithium-ion — alone, packed with or inside equipment — and 968–970 for lithium metal. Lithium-ion batteries shipped alone must be at no more than 30 % state of charge; from 2026 so must those packed with equipment above 2.7 Wh.

IEC 62281

The IEC standard setting test methods and requirements that keep primary and rechargeable lithium cells and batteries safe while they are shipped; transport for recycling or disposal is outside its scope. It closely tracks the UN 38.3 test sequence, with an annex listing where the two differ. The current edition is the fourth, of 2019, amended in 2021 and 2023.

IMDG Code

The IMO’s code for carrying packaged dangerous goods by sea, mandatory under the SOLAS convention since 2004 and amended every two years. It sets how lithium and sodium-ion batteries are classified, packed, stowed and segregated on ships; amendment 42-24, mandatory from 2026, added separate entries for lithium-ion, lithium-metal and sodium-ion battery-powered vehicles.

UN 38.3

The United Nations test sequence that every lithium cell and battery must pass before it can be shipped: altitude, thermal cycling, vibration, shock, external short, impact or crush, overcharge and forced discharge. Air shipment of cells also caps state of charge at 30 %.

References & further reading

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1. UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8

   United Nations Economic Commission for Europe · 2023

   Topic background · Dangerous-goods classification tests; subsection 38.3 concerns battery transport testing.

2. Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8, Amendment 1

   United Nations Economic Commission for Europe · 2025

   Topic background · Amendments to Revision 8, including changes to battery testing in subsection 38.3.