Supercapacitor

Example

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Use in Lemonergy

Connect reaction sites and transport paths.

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Connected concepts

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Electric double layer

The thin region at an electrode surface where ions in the electrolyte line up against the charge on the electrode, behaving like a capacitor. It stores a little charge without any reaction and shapes the high-frequency part of an impedance spectrum.

Hybrid energy storage system

Two storage technologies combined so each covers the part of the load it suits: typically a battery for energy, with supercapacitors, a flywheel or high-power cells for short peaks. In a bus or tram the supercapacitors absorb braking and acceleration pulses, sparing the battery the high currents that age it fastest.

Ragone plot

A log–log chart of specific power against specific energy on which each storage technology occupies a region. Capacitors sit high and left, batteries lower and right, and a single cell traces a curve as it is discharged faster.

Specific power

Deliverable power per unit mass, in watts per kilogram; power density is the same per litre. A cell is designed for energy or for power, rarely both: thin electrodes give power, thick ones give energy.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, 2nd printing

   IUPAC · 2011

   Topic background · Physical-chemistry notation, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and transport quantities.