Battery knowledge · Materials analysis and post-mortem
Titration gas chromatography
Quantifying metallic lithium in a cycled electrode by reacting it with water and measuring the hydrogen released by gas chromatography. Most SEI lithium compounds give off no hydrogen, so the method separates dead metallic lithium from SEI lithium down to about a microgram; it showed that unreacted metal dominates capacity loss in lithium-metal cells.
- Abbreviation
- TGC
- Also called
- water titration, inactive lithium quantification
- Relationship
- 2Li + 2H₂O → 2LiOH + H₂
Example
Use the reaction stoichiometry
In the ideal reaction 2Li + 2H₂O → 2LiOH + H₂, 1 μmol of measured H₂ corresponds to 2 μmol of metallic Li. Interfering gas-producing species and instrument calibration must be assessed.
Interpretation & limits
- This is a stoichiometric interpretation, not instructions for opening or reacting a battery.
Explore the graph
The reaction consumes two moles of lithium per mole of hydrogen.
For 1 mg of pure metallic lithium, the equation predicts 72.05 μmol of hydrogen.
2 Li + 2 H₂O → 2 LiOH + H₂; n(H₂) = n(Li) / 2
Illustrative model. Assumes pure metallic lithium and complete stoichiometric reaction. Real analysis requires calibration, collection efficiency and interference assessment.
Use in Lemonergy
Connect results with scale and specimen preparation.
This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.
References & further reading
Further reading on this topic
These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.
- Advanced characterization techniques for solid state lithium battery research
Yuxuan Xiang, Xia Li, Yongqiang Cheng, Xueliang Sun, Yong Yang · Materials Today · 2020
Topic background · X-ray, solid-state NMR and neutron methods in solid-state battery research.