Galvanic cell

Example

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Connect reaction sites and transport paths.

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Connected concepts

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Cell voltage

The difference between the positive and negative electrode potentials at equilibrium: for NMC against graphite about 3.7 V. It is set by the chemistry, and the difference in Gibbs free energy of the cell reaction per unit charge.

Half-reaction

The oxidation or reduction occurring at one electrode, written on its own with electrons shown explicitly. The cell reaction is the sum of its two half-reactions, and the cell voltage is the difference of their potentials.

Redox reaction

A reaction in which electrons move from one species to another: one is oxidised, the other reduced. A battery separates the two halves onto two electrodes so the electrons must travel through the external circuit.

Secondary cell

A cell whose reaction runs in both directions, so it can be recharged by driving current back into it. Lithium-ion, lead–acid and nickel–metal hydride are all secondary chemistries.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, 2nd printing

   IUPAC · 2011

   Topic background · Physical-chemistry notation, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and transport quantities.