Quiescent current

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Make series/parallel architecture explicit.

This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.

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BMS power modes

The states a BMS moves between to save energy. In active mode it measures, estimates and drives the contactors; asleep it draws microamperes to a few milliamperes from the auxiliary battery and wakes on CAN traffic, ignition, a charger plug or a timer to check cells and balance. Sleep current decides how long a parked vehicle can stand.

Fuel gauge

The single chip in a phone, laptop or power tool that does the BMS’s state-estimation job for one or a few cells: coulomb counting corrected by an OCV model, with impedance tracking in better parts. It reports remaining capacity over SMBus or I²C.

Protection circuit module

The small circuit on a consumer cell or pack that disconnects it on overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent or overtemperature, using MOSFETs as switches. It is the minimum BMS; it protects but does not estimate state or balance.

Self-discharge

The slow loss of stored charge while a cell is not in use. An unexpected rise can signal a leakage path or a soft internal short.

Ship mode

A deep-sleep state in which a pack switches off its own electronics, and often opens its output switch, so that it can sit on a shelf or in a container for months without draining. A charger connection, a button press or a command wakes it; the factory sets it after final test.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based HEV battery packs: Part 2. Modeling and identification

   Gregory L. Plett · Journal of Power Sources · 2004

   Topic background · Battery charge balance, open-circuit voltage, ohmic loss, polarization dynamics and model identification; parameters require cell-specific data.

2. Getting Started with the BQ76925

   Texas Instruments · 2019

   Topic background · A concrete BMS analog front-end example: cell voltage, current, temperature measurement and MCU integration.