K-value

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Aging (production)

Storing freshly formed cells for days to weeks, at room or elevated temperature, so the SEI stabilises and any cell with a latent short reveals itself through voltage drop. Not to be confused with aging as degradation over a cell’s life.

Internal short circuit

An unintended electronic path between the electrodes inside a cell — through a metal particle, a burr, a damaged separator or lithium deposits. It discharges the cell internally and turns its energy into local heat.

Open-circuit voltage

The voltage across a cell’s terminals when no current flows and the cell has rested long enough for the voltage to settle. It depends on state of charge and temperature, and a cell whose open-circuit voltage falls unusually fast in storage may have an internal short.

Self-discharge

The slow loss of stored charge while a cell is not in use. An unexpected rise can signal a leakage path or a soft internal short.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing

   Yangtao Liu, Ruihan Zhang, Jun Wang, Yan Wang · iScience · 2021

   Topic background · Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.