GB/T 36558 and GB/T 36545

Example

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Energy management system

The site-level controller of a storage system that decides when to charge and discharge according to prices, grid signals and the battery’s limits, and dispatches those commands to the BMS and inverters.

Frequency regulation

Rapidly injecting or absorbing power to hold the grid frequency at 50 or 60 Hz, a service batteries do better than any generator because they respond in milliseconds. It cycles the battery shallowly but very often.

GB/T 36276

China’s national standard for lithium-ion batteries in electrical energy storage, covering cells and modules: electrical performance, environmental adaptability, durability and safety tests such as crush, drop, short circuit, insulation withstand and adiabatic temperature rise. The 2023 edition has applied since July 2024 and adds requirements for liquid-cooled modules.

IEC 62933

The IEC series for grid-integrated electrical energy storage systems, written at system level whatever the storage technology: part 2-1 defines unit parameters and test methods, part 5-1 gives general safety considerations, and part 5-2 adds safety requirements for battery-based systems over their whole life, from design to decommissioning.

Stationary storage

Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. IEC 62619:2022 — Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications

   International Electrotechnical Commission · 2022

   Topic background · Industrial and stationary lithium-battery safety scope; excludes road vehicles where their dedicated standard applies.

2. Energy Storage System Testing and Certification

   UL Solutions

   Topic background · System safety scope of UL 9540 and relationships to battery and power-conversion standards.