{
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    "id": "term:gbt-36558",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "GB/T 36558 and GB/T 36545",
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      "id": "gbt-36558",
      "name": "GB/T 36558 and GB/T 36545",
      "aka": [
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        "GB/T 36545"
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      "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
      "definition": "Two Chinese national standards for electrochemical storage on the grid: GB/T 36558 sets general technical requirements for storage systems in the power system — power control, efficiency, fault ride-through, frequency response, black start — and GB/T 36545 covers mobile, vehicle-mounted storage systems. Both were revised in 2023 and apply from July 2024.",
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        "gbt-36276",
        "iec-62933",
        "stationary-storage",
        "frequency-regulation",
        "energy-management-system"
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:6473",
      "source": "term:gbt-36558",
      "target": "term:energy-management-system",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "topic:topic-standards-stationary",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
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        "id": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "name": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
        "lede": "Safety and performance standards for portable, industrial and grid batteries, their electronics and their installation.",
        "context": "Match scope to product and installation.",
        "example": "A cell-level test does not establish fire performance or commissioning requirements for a complete installation.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
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      "id": "term:gbt-36276",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "GB/T 36276",
      "properties": {
        "id": "gbt-36276",
        "name": "GB/T 36276",
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "China’s national standard for lithium-ion batteries in electrical energy storage, covering cells and modules: electrical performance, environmental adaptability, durability and safety tests such as crush, drop, short circuit, insulation withstand and adiabatic temperature rise. The 2023 edition has applied since July 2024 and adds requirements for liquid-cooled modules.",
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        "mentions": [
          "short-circuit",
          "adiabatic-isothermal"
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    {
      "id": "term:iec-62933",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 62933",
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        "id": "iec-62933",
        "name": "IEC 62933",
        "aka": [
          "EES systems",
          "IEC 62933-5-2"
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        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The IEC series for grid-integrated electrical energy storage systems, written at system level whatever the storage technology: part 2-1 defines unit parameters and test methods, part 5-1 gives general safety considerations, and part 5-2 adds safety requirements for battery-based systems over their whole life, from design to decommissioning.",
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        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
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        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
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        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
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    },
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      "id": "term:frequency-regulation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Frequency regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "frequency-regulation",
        "name": "Frequency regulation",
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          "ancillary services",
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        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Rapidly injecting or absorbing power to hold the grid frequency at 50 or 60 Hz, a service batteries do better than any generator because they respond in milliseconds. It cycles the battery shallowly but very often.",
        "related": [
          "stationary-storage",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "specific-power",
          "equivalent-full-cycle",
          "rate-of-change-of-frequency"
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        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:energy-management-system",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Energy management system",
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        "id": "energy-management-system",
        "name": "Energy management system",
        "abbr": "EMS",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The site-level controller of a storage system that decides when to charge and discharge according to prices, grid signals and the battery’s limits, and dispatches those commands to the BMS and inverters.",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "inverter",
          "stationary-storage",
          "modbus",
          "energy-arbitrage"
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        "mentions": []
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}