{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:galvanic-cell",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Galvanic cell",
    "properties": {
      "id": "galvanic-cell",
      "name": "Galvanic cell",
      "aka": [
        "voltaic cell",
        "electrochemical cell"
      ],
      "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
      "definition": "Any device that turns the free energy of a spontaneous redox reaction into electrical work by separating its two half-reactions onto two electrodes. A battery is one or more galvanic cells; when charged it runs as an electrolytic cell.",
      "related": [
        "redox-reaction",
        "half-reaction",
        "cell-voltage",
        "secondary-cell"
      ],
      "lesson": "labs/battery-materials-lab/#bml-aqueous-mechanism",
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/galvanic-cell/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrolytic-cell"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3651",
      "source": "term:galvanic-cell",
      "target": "topic:topic-electrochemistry",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3652",
      "source": "term:galvanic-cell",
      "target": "term:redox-reaction",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3653",
      "source": "term:galvanic-cell",
      "target": "term:half-reaction",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3654",
      "source": "term:galvanic-cell",
      "target": "term:cell-voltage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3655",
      "source": "term:galvanic-cell",
      "target": "term:secondary-cell",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/galvanic-cell/electrolytic-cell",
      "source": "term:galvanic-cell",
      "target": "term:electrolytic-cell",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3657",
      "source": "term:galvanic-cell",
      "target": "lesson:labs/battery-materials-lab/",
      "type": "explainedIn",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/labs/battery-materials-lab/#bml-aqueous-mechanism"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-electrochemistry",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "name": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
        "lede": "The reactions and potentials that make a cell a battery.",
        "context": "Connect reaction sites and transport paths.",
        "example": "A circuit can predict terminal voltage while leaving electrode potentials and reaction kinetics unresolved.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:redox-reaction",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Redox reaction",
      "properties": {
        "id": "redox-reaction",
        "name": "Redox reaction",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "A reaction in which electrons move from one species to another: one is oxidised, the other reduced. A battery separates the two halves onto two electrodes so the electrons must travel through the external circuit.",
        "related": [
          "oxidation",
          "reduction",
          "half-reaction",
          "electrode-potential",
          "galvanic-cell"
        ],
        "lesson": "labs/battery-materials-lab/#bml-aqueous-mechanism",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/redox-reaction/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:half-reaction",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Half-reaction",
      "properties": {
        "id": "half-reaction",
        "name": "Half-reaction",
        "aka": [
          "half-cell reaction"
        ],
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "The oxidation or reduction occurring at one electrode, written on its own with electrons shown explicitly. The cell reaction is the sum of its two half-reactions, and the cell voltage is the difference of their potentials.",
        "related": [
          "redox-reaction",
          "electrode-potential",
          "half-cell",
          "cell-voltage"
        ],
        "lesson": "labs/battery-materials-lab/#bml-liion-mechanism",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/half-reaction/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "oxidation",
          "reduction"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cell-voltage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell voltage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cell-voltage",
        "name": "Cell voltage",
        "aka": [
          "electromotive force",
          "EMF"
        ],
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "The difference between the positive and negative electrode potentials at equilibrium: for NMC against graphite about 3.7 V. It is set by the chemistry, and the difference in Gibbs free energy of the cell reaction per unit charge.",
        "formula": "E = E₊ − E₋ = −ΔG / nF",
        "unit": "V",
        "related": [
          "electrode-potential",
          "gibbs-free-energy",
          "open-circuit-voltage",
          "nominal-voltage"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Subtract equilibrium electrode potentials",
          "text": "If two illustrative electrode potentials are 4.0 V and 0.2 V versus the same reference, their equilibrium cell voltage is 3.8 V. Under load, resistance and polarization change the measured terminal voltage."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-voltage/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode",
          "graphite"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:secondary-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Secondary cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "secondary-cell",
        "name": "Secondary cell",
        "aka": [
          "rechargeable battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell whose reaction runs in both directions, so it can be recharged by driving current back into it. Lithium-ion, lead–acid and nickel–metal hydride are all secondary chemistries.",
        "related": [
          "primary-cell",
          "cycle",
          "lithium-ion"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/secondary-cell/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrolytic-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolytic cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolytic-cell",
        "name": "Electrolytic cell",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "An electrochemical cell in which an external power source drives a reaction that would not run on its own, as in water electrolysis or aluminium production. A rechargeable battery becomes one while charging; oxidation then occurs at the positive electrode, which is why calling that electrode the cathode is strictly correct only on discharge.",
        "related": [
          "galvanic-cell",
          "charge",
          "redox-reaction",
          "positive-electrode",
          "cathode",
          "faradays-law"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolytic-cell/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "secondary-cell",
          "oxidation"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "lesson:labs/battery-materials-lab/",
      "type": "Lesson",
      "label": "Battery materials lab",
      "properties": {
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/labs/battery-materials-lab/"
      }
    }
  ]
}