Flexible printed circuit

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Separate quantities from encoding and transport.

This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.

Connected concepts

Related concepts from the knowledge graph. Connections show context, not cause and effect. Hover or focus a linked term for its definition.

Busbar

A rigid copper or aluminium conductor that joins cell terminals into series and parallel groups, and modules into the pack. Its cross-section is sized for current and heating, and its joints — welded or bolted — are a classic source of resistance and failure.

Cell supervision circuit

The board on each module that measures its cell voltages and temperatures and switches its balancing resistors, reporting to the central BMS controller. It is usually built around a dedicated monitoring chip and linked by isoSPI or CAN.

Temperature sensor

Usually a negative-temperature-coefficient thermistor glued to a busbar or cell surface, with a few per module. Because sensors read the surface, the hottest point inside a cell can run several degrees higher than the BMS sees.

Voltage sensing

Measuring each series cell group’s voltage through a wire or flexible circuit from its busbar to the monitoring chip. Millivolt accuracy matters because the BMS reads SOC and detects faults from these numbers.

Wiring harness

The bundle of cables, connectors and fixings that carries power and signals through a pack or vehicle. High-voltage cables outside an enclosure must have an orange covering under UN R100; the low-voltage harness carries cell-sense lines, CAN, HVIL and supply. Chafed wires and fretted connector pins cause many field faults.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. 3rd generation of the CAN data link layer

   CAN in Automation, CAN Newsletter · 2020

   Topic background · Classical CAN, CAN FD and CAN XL data-link concepts; publication describes the 2020 state.

2. Getting Started with the BQ76925

   Texas Instruments · 2019

   Topic background · A concrete BMS analog front-end example: cell voltage, current, temperature measurement and MCU integration.