{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:flexible-printed-circuit",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Flexible printed circuit",
    "properties": {
      "id": "flexible-printed-circuit",
      "name": "Flexible printed circuit",
      "abbr": "FPC",
      "aka": [
        "flex circuit",
        "flexible PCB"
      ],
      "section": "topic-data",
      "definition": "Copper traces laminated between thin polyimide or PET films, replacing the round-wire sense harness in many modules. Joined by nickel tabs to each busbar, it carries cell voltages and thermistor signals to the monitoring chip, often comes pre-assembled with the busbar carrier, and saves weight and wiring errors.",
      "related": [
        "voltage-sense",
        "wiring-harness",
        "cell-supervision-circuit",
        "temperature-sensor",
        "busbar"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/flexible-printed-circuit/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:5248",
      "source": "term:flexible-printed-circuit",
      "target": "topic:topic-data",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5249",
      "source": "term:flexible-printed-circuit",
      "target": "term:voltage-sense",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5250",
      "source": "term:flexible-printed-circuit",
      "target": "term:wiring-harness",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5251",
      "source": "term:flexible-printed-circuit",
      "target": "term:cell-supervision-circuit",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5252",
      "source": "term:flexible-printed-circuit",
      "target": "term:temperature-sensor",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5253",
      "source": "term:flexible-printed-circuit",
      "target": "term:busbar",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-data",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Data, communication and electronics",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-data",
        "name": "Data, communication and electronics",
        "lede": "The control units, chips, protocols and file formats through which a battery is measured, controlled and logged.",
        "context": "Separate quantities from encoding and transport.",
        "example": "2500 in a log might mean 25.00 °C, 2.5 V or raw counts. Units and scale must accompany the value.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:voltage-sense",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Voltage sensing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "voltage-sense",
        "name": "Voltage sensing",
        "aka": [
          "cell tap",
          "sense line"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "Measuring each series cell group’s voltage through a wire or flexible circuit from its busbar to the monitoring chip. Millivolt accuracy matters because the BMS reads SOC and detects faults from these numbers.",
        "unit": "mV",
        "related": [
          "cell-supervision-circuit",
          "bms",
          "busbar",
          "open-circuit-voltage",
          "afe"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/voltage-sense/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:wiring-harness",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Wiring harness",
      "properties": {
        "id": "wiring-harness",
        "name": "Wiring harness",
        "aka": [
          "cable harness",
          "HV harness",
          "LV harness"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The bundle of cables, connectors and fixings that carries power and signals through a pack or vehicle. High-voltage cables outside an enclosure must have an orange covering under UN R100; the low-voltage harness carries cell-sense lines, CAN, HVIL and supply. Chafed wires and fretted connector pins cause many field faults.",
        "related": [
          "voltage-sense",
          "high-voltage-interlock",
          "can-bus",
          "flexible-printed-circuit",
          "wireless-bms",
          "voltage-class"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/wiring-harness/",
        "mentions": [
          "enclosure",
          "un-r100"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cell-supervision-circuit",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell supervision circuit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cell-supervision-circuit",
        "name": "Cell supervision circuit",
        "abbr": "CSC",
        "aka": [
          "cell monitoring unit",
          "CMU",
          "slave BMS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The board on each module that measures its cell voltages and temperatures and switches its balancing resistors, reporting to the central BMS controller. It is usually built around a dedicated monitoring chip and linked by isoSPI or CAN.",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "cell-balancing",
          "isospi",
          "voltage-sense",
          "afe",
          "wireless-bms"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-supervision-circuit/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:temperature-sensor",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Temperature sensor",
      "properties": {
        "id": "temperature-sensor",
        "name": "Temperature sensor",
        "abbr": "NTC",
        "aka": [
          "thermistor"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "Usually a negative-temperature-coefficient thermistor glued to a busbar or cell surface, with a few per module. Because sensors read the surface, the hottest point inside a cell can run several degrees higher than the BMS sees.",
        "unit": "°C",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "thermal-management",
          "operating-temperature",
          "derating",
          "thermocouples-rtds",
          "virtual-temperature-sensor"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/temperature-sensor/",
        "mentions": [
          "busbar"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:busbar",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Busbar",
      "properties": {
        "id": "busbar",
        "name": "Busbar",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "A rigid copper or aluminium conductor that joins cell terminals into series and parallel groups, and modules into the pack. Its cross-section is sized for current and heating, and its joints — welded or bolted — are a classic source of resistance and failure.",
        "related": [
          "series-parallel",
          "terminal",
          "laser-welding",
          "internal-resistance",
          "wire-bonding"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/busbar/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}