Differential scanning calorimetry

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Accelerating rate calorimetry

A test in which a cell sits in an adiabatic chamber that follows its temperature, so any self-heating is not lost to the surroundings. It measures the onset temperature, the self-heating rate and the temperature at which runaway becomes unstoppable.

Onset temperature

The temperature at which a cell begins to generate heat by itself, as the SEI starts to decompose, typically 80–120 °C. Measured in an accelerating rate calorimeter, it marks the start of the path to thermal runaway, not the runaway itself.

Thermal runaway

Self-accelerating heating in a cell: heat speeds up reactions that release more heat, until the cell vents, catches fire or ruptures. An internal short, overcharge or external heating can trigger it.

Thermogravimetric analysis

Recording a sample’s mass while heating it at a controlled rate in air or inert gas. The mass steps give the moisture, binder and carbon content of electrodes and the decomposition of salts, SEI species and residual lithium carbonate; coupled to a mass spectrometer or FTIR it also identifies the gases driven off.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Advanced characterization techniques for solid state lithium battery research

   Yuxuan Xiang, Xia Li, Yongqiang Cheng, Xueliang Sun, Yong Yang · Materials Today · 2020

   Topic background · X-ray, solid-state NMR and neutron methods in solid-state battery research.