{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:differential-scanning-calorimetry",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Differential scanning calorimetry",
    "properties": {
      "id": "differential-scanning-calorimetry",
      "name": "Differential scanning calorimetry",
      "abbr": "DSC",
      "section": "topic-analysis",
      "definition": "Heating a milligram sample at a steady rate and recording the heat it releases or absorbs. It gives the decomposition temperatures and heats of electrode materials and electrolyte, inputs to any thermal-runaway assessment.",
      "related": [
        "accelerating-rate-calorimetry",
        "onset-temperature",
        "thermal-runaway",
        "thermogravimetric-analysis"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/differential-scanning-calorimetry/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "electrolyte"
      ]
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      "id": "edge:2745",
      "source": "term:differential-scanning-calorimetry",
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      "id": "edge:2746",
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:2748",
      "source": "term:differential-scanning-calorimetry",
      "target": "term:thermogravimetric-analysis",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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      "id": "edge:mentions/differential-scanning-calorimetry/electrode",
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      "id": "topic:topic-analysis",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Materials analysis and post-mortem",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-analysis",
        "name": "Materials analysis and post-mortem",
        "lede": "The laboratory techniques that look inside electrodes, interphases and electrolytes to see what a cell is made of and how it aged.",
        "context": "Connect results with scale and specimen preparation.",
        "example": "Surface and bulk measurements may find different compositions in the same electrode without contradiction.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/labs/battery-materials-lab/",
        "lesson_label": "Open materials lab"
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      "id": "term:accelerating-rate-calorimetry",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Accelerating rate calorimetry",
      "properties": {
        "id": "accelerating-rate-calorimetry",
        "name": "Accelerating rate calorimetry",
        "abbr": "ARC",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "A test in which a cell sits in an adiabatic chamber that follows its temperature, so any self-heating is not lost to the surroundings. It measures the onset temperature, the self-heating rate and the temperature at which runaway becomes unstoppable.",
        "related": [
          "onset-temperature",
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      "id": "term:onset-temperature",
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      "label": "Onset temperature",
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        "id": "onset-temperature",
        "name": "Onset temperature",
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          "self-heating onset"
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        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "The temperature at which a cell begins to generate heat by itself, as the SEI starts to decompose, typically 80–120 °C. Measured in an accelerating rate calorimeter, it marks the start of the path to thermal runaway, not the runaway itself.",
        "unit": "°C",
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        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:thermal-runaway",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal runaway",
      "properties": {
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        "name": "Thermal runaway",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Self-accelerating heating in a cell: heat speeds up reactions that release more heat, until the cell vents, catches fire or ruptures. An internal short, overcharge or external heating can trigger it.",
        "related": [
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#short-circuit",
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        "mentions": [
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      "id": "term:thermogravimetric-analysis",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermogravimetric analysis",
      "properties": {
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        "name": "Thermogravimetric analysis",
        "abbr": "TGA",
        "aka": [
          "thermogravimetry",
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        ],
        "section": "topic-analysis",
        "definition": "Recording a sample’s mass while heating it at a controlled rate in air or inert gas. The mass steps give the moisture, binder and carbon content of electrodes and the decomposition of salts, SEI species and residual lithium carbonate; coupled to a mass spectrometer or FTIR it also identifies the gases driven off.",
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          "differential-scanning-calorimetry",
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          "moisture-content",
          "conductive-additive",
          "fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermogravimetric-analysis/",
        "mentions": [
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          "lithium-carbonate"
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    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
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    {
      "id": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte",
        "name": "Electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "electrolyte-additive",
          "ionic-conductivity",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "ionic-liquid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte",
        "example": {
          "title": "Ions and electrons",
          "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
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      }
    }
  ]
}