Cell stack

Example

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Cell design

Choosing the chemistry, electrode loadings, porosities, N/P ratio, separator, electrolyte volume and format that together meet an energy, power, life, safety and cost target. Each choice trades against the others: thicker electrodes raise energy and lower power.

Jelly roll

Electrodes and separators wound together into a spiral. It is the inside of a cylindrical cell and of many prismatic cells; large pouch cells usually use stacked sheets instead.

Separator

A porous, electronically insulating film between the electrodes. Electrons cannot cross it; ions move through the electrolyte in its pores.

Stack pressure

Pressure applied to a cell stack, in production or in use, to keep its layers in contact. Solid-state cells depend on it, because ions can only cross where two solids touch.

Stacking

Building a cell from individual electrode sheets interleaved with separator, either sheet by sheet or by folding a continuous separator in a zigzag. It uses the volume of a rectangular case better than winding but is slower and more exacting.

Winding

Rolling the two electrode strips and two separator strips together around a mandrel into a jelly roll. It is fast and well understood, and it produces the round roll of a cylindrical cell or the flattened roll of many prismatic cells.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. DOE Explains… Batteries

   U.S. Department of Energy

   Topic background · Introductory account of electrodes, electrolyte and conversion between chemical and electrical energy.

2. Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing

   Yangtao Liu, Ruihan Zhang, Jun Wang, Yan Wang · iScience · 2021

   Topic background · Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.