{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:cell-stack",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Cell stack",
    "properties": {
      "id": "cell-stack",
      "name": "Cell stack",
      "aka": [
        "electrode stack",
        "electrode assembly"
      ],
      "section": "topic-components",
      "definition": "The layered core of a cell — negative electrode, separator, positive electrode, separator, repeated — whether wound into a jelly roll or cut and stacked as sheets. Its layer count and thickness set the capacity, and it is the part held under stack pressure. In flow batteries and fuel cells, ‘stack’ instead means many cells clamped in series.",
      "related": [
        "jelly-roll",
        "stacking",
        "separator",
        "stack-pressure",
        "cell-design",
        "winding"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-stack/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "negative-electrode",
        "positive-electrode"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:5696",
      "source": "term:cell-stack",
      "target": "topic:topic-components",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5697",
      "source": "term:cell-stack",
      "target": "term:jelly-roll",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5698",
      "source": "term:cell-stack",
      "target": "term:stacking",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5699",
      "source": "term:cell-stack",
      "target": "term:separator",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5700",
      "source": "term:cell-stack",
      "target": "term:stack-pressure",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5701",
      "source": "term:cell-stack",
      "target": "term:cell-design",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5702",
      "source": "term:cell-stack",
      "target": "term:winding",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/cell-stack/electrode",
      "source": "term:cell-stack",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/cell-stack/negative-electrode",
      "source": "term:cell-stack",
      "target": "term:negative-electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/cell-stack/positive-electrode",
      "source": "term:cell-stack",
      "target": "term:positive-electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-components",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Cell components and electrode materials",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-components",
        "name": "Cell components and electrode materials",
        "lede": "What a cell is physically made of — active materials, binders, additives, foils and tabs — and how its electrodes are put together.",
        "context": "Connect each material with its function.",
        "example": "Electrons travel through additive, foil and tab; ions use electrolyte and separator pathways.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:jelly-roll",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Jelly roll",
      "properties": {
        "id": "jelly-roll",
        "name": "Jelly roll",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "Electrodes and separators wound together into a spiral. It is the inside of a cylindrical cell and of many prismatic cells; large pouch cells usually use stacked sheets instead.",
        "related": [
          "winding",
          "cylindrical-cell",
          "prismatic-cell",
          "stacking"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#whole-cell",
        "example": {
          "title": "Unroll the geometry",
          "text": "A wound assembly contains long electrode and separator strips; the cylindrical exterior does not make its electrodes solid cylinders."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/jelly-roll/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stacking",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stacking",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stacking",
        "name": "Stacking",
        "aka": [
          "Z-folding",
          "lamination"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Building a cell from individual electrode sheets interleaved with separator, either sheet by sheet or by folding a continuous separator in a zigzag. It uses the volume of a rectangular case better than winding but is slower and more exacting.",
        "related": [
          "winding",
          "pouch-cell",
          "prismatic-cell",
          "notching"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#assembly",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stacking/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:separator",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Separator",
      "properties": {
        "id": "separator",
        "name": "Separator",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "A porous, electronically insulating film between the electrodes. Electrons cannot cross it; ions move through the electrolyte in its pores.",
        "related": [
          "electrolyte",
          "ceramic-coated-separator",
          "separator-shutdown",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "porosity"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#separator",
        "example": {
          "title": "Different conduction paths",
          "text": "A separator prevents direct electronic contact while permitting ionic transport through its electrolyte-filled structure."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/separator/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stack-pressure",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stack pressure",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stack-pressure",
        "name": "Stack pressure",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Pressure applied to a cell stack, in production or in use, to keep its layers in contact. Solid-state cells depend on it, because ions can only cross where two solids touch.",
        "unit": "MPa",
        "related": [
          "solid-state-battery",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "compression-pad",
          "swelling"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/solid-state-cell-production/#contact",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stack-pressure/",
        "mentions": [
          "cell-stack"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cell-design",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell design",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cell-design",
        "name": "Cell design",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Choosing the chemistry, electrode loadings, porosities, N/P ratio, separator, electrolyte volume and format that together meet an energy, power, life, safety and cost target. Each choice trades against the others: thicker electrodes raise energy and lower power.",
        "related": [
          "np-ratio",
          "areal-loading",
          "porosity",
          "energy-density",
          "specific-power"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-design/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "separator",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:winding",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Winding",
      "properties": {
        "id": "winding",
        "name": "Winding",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Rolling the two electrode strips and two separator strips together around a mandrel into a jelly roll. It is fast and well understood, and it produces the round roll of a cylindrical cell or the flattened roll of many prismatic cells.",
        "related": [
          "jelly-roll",
          "stacking",
          "cylindrical-cell",
          "prismatic-cell"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#assembly",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/winding/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:negative-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Negative electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "negative-electrode",
        "name": "Negative electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode at the lower potential, usually graphite on copper foil in a lithium-ion cell. It holds the lithium when the cell is charged and releases it on discharge, and industry calls it the anode.",
        "related": [
          "anode",
          "graphite",
          "positive-electrode",
          "copper-foil"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Keep the polarity name",
          "text": "Graphite remains the negative electrode during charge and discharge, while the anode/cathode reaction labels change with operating direction."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/negative-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:positive-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Positive electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "positive-electrode",
        "name": "Positive electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode at the higher potential: a lithium metal oxide or phosphate coated on aluminium foil. It is the lithium source when a cell is built, and industry calls it the cathode.",
        "related": [
          "cathode",
          "cathode-active-material",
          "negative-electrode",
          "aluminium-foil"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Polarity and reaction",
          "text": "The positive electrode retains its polarity label while its electrochemical reaction reverses between charge and discharge."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/positive-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}