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Lemonergy · Studio block

Supercapacitor cell

Causal capacitor state with series loss, leakage and stored energy.

Implementation ID
battery-supercapacitor
Reviewed
2026-10-27

Behavior

Integrates the internal capacitor voltage from discharge current and leakage. A series resistance produces terminal voltage drop and heat. Stored energy uses the internal capacitor voltage.

Interface

Supercapacitor cell interfaceInputs or arguments on the left, observed outputs on the right. Conserving terminals appear below the component. The tables give units and behavior.Supercapacitor cellStudio blockcurrentvoltageinternalVoltageenergyloss
Original Lemonergy interface view. Lines identify ports; they are not a completed simulation circuit.
Ports and observed outputs
NameDirectionUnitMeaning
currentinputASigned discharge current; scalar.
voltageoutputVTerminal voltage; scalar.
internalVoltageoutputVCapacitor voltage; scalar.
energyoutputJStored energy; scalar.
lossoutputWDissipated heat; scalar.

Parameters

Defaults are initial model values. Select values for your own model and operating conditions.

Configuration fields
ParameterUnitDefaultMeaning and limits
Capacitance (F)
capacitanceF		F100Capacitance (F). This is an editable model input; the default belongs to the synthetic worked example.
Series resistance (Ω)
resistanceOhm		Ω0.05Series resistance (Ω). This is an editable model input; the default belongs to the synthetic worked example.
Leakage conductance (S)
leakageSiemens		S0Leakage conductance (S). This is an editable model input; the default belongs to the synthetic worked example.
Initial capacitor voltage (V)
initialVoltageV		V2.5Initial capacitor voltage (V). This is an editable model input; the default belongs to the synthetic worked example.

Equations and rules

  • C*dVcap/dt = -I - Gleak*Vcap
  • Vterminal = Vcap - I*Rseries
  • E = 0.5*C*Vcap^2
  • Ploss = I^2*Rseries + Gleak*Vcap^2

Worked example

Supercapacitor cell worked example

Use the defaults below with Signed discharge current = 1 A. At 0 s, Terminal voltage is 2.45 V. Additional checks are listed below.

Open Studio example after release →
Numerical checks for the bundled synthetic example
OutputTime (s)Expected valueUnitAbsolute tolerance
Terminal voltage
voltage		02.45V1e-08
Stored energy
energy		0312.5J1e-08
Stored energy
energy		10288J1e-06

Explore the recorded outputs

Supercapacitor cell recorded example

Supercapacitor cell / Terminal voltage
Supercapacitor cell / Terminal voltage against timeRecorded synthetic simulation values. Time in seconds; output in V.2.34202.3712.52.452.4297.52.45810VTime (s)
Supercapacitor cell / Terminal voltage: 2.45 V at 0 s

103 actual recorded samples. Lines are visual guides between samples. Synthetic example, not measured cell data.

Download the recorded samples (JSON) · Open this Studio example after release

Use in a workflow

Supercapacitor cell worked example

Causal capacitor state with series loss, leakage and stored energy.

  1. Supercapacitor cell: Integrates the internal capacitor voltage from discharge current and leakage. A series resistance produces terminal voltage drop and heat. Stored energy uses the internal capacitor voltage.
    • Use the parameter values in the block reference.
    • Implementation tested locally; public release pending.
Open Studio example after release

Connected concepts

Limits and interpretation

  • Constant capacitance, series resistance and leakage. The external interface is causal; voltage- or temperature-dependent parameters are not included.
  • The example verifies numerical behavior for synthetic parameters. Cell characterization and validation for an intended use are separate tasks.

Scientific and mathematical references

These sources explain the scientific and mathematical background. The behavior, interface and limits above define the Lemonergy implementation; a citation does not imply every model option in the source is implemented.

  1. The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition

    Bureau International des Poids et Mesures · 2026

    Technical reference · Definitions of SI units and coherent derived units; 2026 revision.

Implementation sources

This reference follows the public interface and locally verified numerical checks for an upcoming release.

Contract: Lemonergy Studio public contract · Verification record: verification-2026-10-27

  • docs/glossary/native-block-verification.json

This implementation and its workflow uses (JSON) · Knowledge graph (JSON-LD)