Analog front end

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Separate quantities from encoding and transport.

This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.

Connected concepts

Related concepts from the knowledge graph. Connections show context, not cause and effect. Hover or focus a linked term for its definition.

Analog-to-digital converter

The circuit that turns a voltage into a number. In a BMS its resolution, offset and drift set the floor for voltage and current accuracy: one millivolt of cell-voltage error is several percent of SOC on a flat LFP curve.

Battery management unit

The master controller of a battery management system: it collects cell voltages and temperatures from the monitoring boards, runs the state estimation and protection logic, drives the contactors and talks to the vehicle. In some architectures the same name is used for a per-module slave, so a datasheet’s block diagram is the safe reference.

Cell balancing

Equalising the state of charge of cells in series, since the pack is limited by its emptiest cell on discharge and its fullest on charge. Passive balancing bleeds charge from high cells through resistors; active balancing moves it between cells.

Cell supervision circuit

The board on each module that measures its cell voltages and temperatures and switches its balancing resistors, reporting to the central BMS controller. It is usually built around a dedicated monitoring chip and linked by isoSPI or CAN.

isoSPI

A transformer-isolated, two-wire version of the SPI interface used to chain cell-monitoring chips across modules that sit at different voltages. It carries their measurements to the BMS controller without a separate isolated CAN node per module.

Voltage sensing

Measuring each series cell group’s voltage through a wire or flexible circuit from its busbar to the monitoring chip. Millivolt accuracy matters because the BMS reads SOC and detects faults from these numbers.

References & further reading

Technical references

1. Getting Started with the BQ76925

   Texas Instruments · 2019

   Technical reference · A concrete BMS analog front-end example: cell voltage, current, temperature measurement and MCU integration.

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

2. 3rd generation of the CAN data link layer

   CAN in Automation, CAN Newsletter · 2020

   Topic background · Classical CAN, CAN FD and CAN XL data-link concepts; publication describes the 2020 state.