Wire bonding

Example

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Connected concepts

Related concepts from the knowledge graph. Connections show context, not cause and effect. Hover or focus a linked term for its definition.

Busbar

A rigid copper or aluminium conductor that joins cell terminals into series and parallel groups, and modules into the pack. Its cross-section is sized for current and heating, and its joints — welded or bolted — are a classic source of resistance and failure.

Cylindrical cell

A cell made by winding the electrodes into a jelly roll and sealing it in a round metal can. Sizes are named by their dimensions: a 21700 cell is 21 mm across and 70 mm long.

Fuse

A link that melts and opens the circuit when current exceeds its rating. Packs use a main fuse in the high-voltage path and often a small fuse on each parallel cell connection, so one shorted cell does not drain its neighbours into the fault.

Series and parallel connection

Cells in series add their voltages; cells in parallel add their capacities and share current. A pack is described as, for example, 96s4p: 96 groups in series, each of 4 cells in parallel. Series strings need balancing; parallel groups self-balance through their shared terminals.

Ultrasonic welding

Joining metals by pressing them together and vibrating one part at ultrasonic frequency, so friction scrubs the surfaces clean and bonds them below the melting point. It is the standard way to weld stacks of thin aluminium and copper foil.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing

   Yangtao Liu, Ruihan Zhang, Jun Wang, Yan Wang · iScience · 2021

   Topic background · Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.