Voltage hysteresis

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Separate regulation from availability.

This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.

Connected concepts

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Energy efficiency

Energy out divided by energy in over a full cycle. It is lower than coulombic efficiency because the charge voltage sits above the discharge voltage; cells reach 95–98 %, and a full storage system 85–92 % after power electronics and cooling.

LFP

A positive electrode material, LiFePO₄, giving cells a nominal voltage around 3.2 V, long cycle life and good thermal stability, but less energy per kilogram than nickel-rich oxides. Its flat voltage curve makes state of charge hard to read from voltage alone.

OCV–SOC curve

The characteristic relation between a cell’s open-circuit voltage and its state of charge, measured once at low current and stored in the BMS. A steep curve, as for NMC, makes SOC easy to read from voltage; LFP’s flat curve does not.

Open-circuit voltage

The voltage across a cell’s terminals when no current flows and the cell has rested long enough for the voltage to settle. It depends on state of charge and temperature, and a cell whose open-circuit voltage falls unusually fast in storage may have an internal short.

Silicon anode

A negative electrode that uses silicon, which alloys with lithium and stores roughly ten times more charge per gram than graphite but swells by up to 300 %. Today it is blended into graphite at a few percent to limit the swelling.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review

   Anna Tomaszewska et al. · eTransportation · 2019

   Topic background · CC-CV and alternative charging protocols, transport limitations, degradation and thermal implications; results depend on cell and test conditions. Software behavior is documented separately in Lemonergy block references.