Intrinsic safety

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Connect mechanisms with appropriate test evidence.

This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.

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ATEX and IECEx

The two certification routes for equipment used in explosive atmospheres. ATEX is EU law, Directive 2014/34/EU, mandatory across the European Economic Area; IECEx is the IEC’s voluntary international scheme. Both test to the IEC 60079 series and share the Ex marking, and a battery-powered device is certified together with its specific battery.

Encapsulation

Casting resin around a pack or circuit in a mould that is removed once the resin cures, so that the cured resin itself becomes the outer case. Unlike potting, which fills a housing that stays, it needs no separate enclosure; casting under vacuum removes air voids. Both seal against water and vibration, and both make a pack hard to repair or recycle.

Lithium–thionyl chloride cell

A 3.6 V primary cell in which liquid thionyl chloride is both the electrolyte solvent and the positive reactant, reduced on a porous carbon electrode. A protective lithium chloride film keeps self-discharge around 1 % a year, so cells run utility meters and trackers for 10–20 years, but it also causes a voltage delay when a load is first applied.

External short-circuit test

Connecting a charged cell’s terminals through a resistance of a few milliohms and recording temperature and outcome. The result depends as much on the cell’s own resistance and its protective devices as on its chemistry.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: A review

   Xuning Feng et al. · Energy Storage Materials · 2018

   Topic background · Electrical, mechanical and thermal abuse; thermal-runaway mechanisms and propagation.