Half-cell

Example

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Coin cell

A small disc-shaped cell in a crimped steel case. Besides powering watches and key fobs, it is the standard laboratory format for testing a new electrode material against lithium metal.

Electrode potential

The potential of an electrode relative to a reference, which for lithium-ion work is lithium metal in the same electrolyte, written as V vs Li/Li⁺. Graphite sits near 0.1 V and layered oxides near 3.7–4.3 V on this scale.

Full cell

A test cell with both a real positive and a real negative electrode, as in a product. It is the only configuration that shows lithium inventory loss, since the lithium supply is finite.

Lithium metal anode

A negative electrode made of lithium metal itself. It stores about ten times more charge per gram than graphite, which is the main attraction of solid-state cells, but it is reactive and prone to uneven deposits.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Battery Test Manual For Electric Vehicles, Revision 3

   Jon P. Christopherson · Idaho National Laboratory · 2015

   Topic background · Performance characterization, pulse resistance/power, life testing and reference performance tests; historical 2015 edition.