{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:energy-arbitrage",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Energy arbitrage",
    "properties": {
      "id": "energy-arbitrage",
      "name": "Energy arbitrage",
      "aka": [
        "peak shaving",
        "load shifting"
      ],
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "Charging a battery when electricity is cheap and discharging when it is expensive, the simplest revenue of grid storage. Peak shaving is the same idea applied to a site’s demand charges.",
      "related": [
        "stationary-storage",
        "energy-management-system",
        "frequency-regulation",
        "levelized-cost-of-storage"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy-arbitrage/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:65",
      "source": "term:energy-arbitrage",
      "target": "workflow:home-schedule",
      "type": "usedIn",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3152",
      "source": "term:energy-arbitrage",
      "target": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3153",
      "source": "term:energy-arbitrage",
      "target": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3154",
      "source": "term:energy-arbitrage",
      "target": "term:energy-management-system",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3155",
      "source": "term:energy-arbitrage",
      "target": "term:frequency-regulation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3156",
      "source": "term:energy-arbitrage",
      "target": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    {
      "id": "edge:3157",
      "source": "term:energy-arbitrage",
      "target": "reference:doe-storage",
      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "workflow:home-schedule",
      "type": "Workflow",
      "label": "Compare charging policies",
      "properties": {
        "id": "home-schedule",
        "title": "Compare charging policies",
        "kind": "studio",
        "summary": "Compare authored schedules on the same hardware.",
        "steps": [
          "Set connection, tariff, window and target.",
          "Compare policies on this network."
        ],
        "example": "Connect a vehicle for eight hours with a cheaper window from hour 1 to hour 7.",
        "observe": "Compare cost, peak power and departure shortfall.",
        "limits": "This is deterministic policy comparison, not a forecast or economic optimum.",
        "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim.html?example=charging-home",
        "label": "Open the Studio example",
        "evidence": [
          "js/charging-control.js",
          "js/charging-scenarios.js",
          "docs/CHARGING_BLOCKS_SPEC.md"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-applications",
        "name": "Applications and market",
        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open energy and power"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:energy-management-system",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Energy management system",
      "properties": {
        "id": "energy-management-system",
        "name": "Energy management system",
        "abbr": "EMS",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The site-level controller of a storage system that decides when to charge and discharge according to prices, grid signals and the battery’s limits, and dispatches those commands to the BMS and inverters.",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "inverter",
          "stationary-storage",
          "modbus",
          "energy-arbitrage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy-management-system/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:frequency-regulation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Frequency regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "frequency-regulation",
        "name": "Frequency regulation",
        "aka": [
          "ancillary services",
          "frequency response"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Rapidly injecting or absorbing power to hold the grid frequency at 50 or 60 Hz, a service batteries do better than any generator because they respond in milliseconds. It cycles the battery shallowly but very often.",
        "related": [
          "stationary-storage",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "specific-power",
          "equivalent-full-cycle",
          "rate-of-change-of-frequency"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/frequency-regulation/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Levelized cost of storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "levelized-cost-of-storage",
        "name": "Levelized cost of storage",
        "abbr": "LCOS",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "The total lifetime cost of a storage system divided by the total energy it will discharge, in currency per megawatt-hour. It folds cell price, efficiency, cycle life and degradation into one figure for comparing technologies.",
        "unit": "€/MWh",
        "related": [
          "cost-per-kwh",
          "cycle-life",
          "energy-efficiency",
          "stationary-storage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/levelized-cost-of-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:doe-storage",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA",
      "properties": {
        "title": "DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA",
        "publisher": "Sandia National Laboratories",
        "url": "https://www.sandia.gov/ess/publications/eshb/doe-epri-nreca",
        "type": "Technical handbook",
        "scope": "Storage technologies and grid services. The publisher notes that its historical cost and deployment figures are outdated.",
        "year": 2013,
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}