Electrolyte dry-out

Example

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Electrolyte decomposition

Reduction of the electrolyte at the negative electrode and oxidation at the positive, outside its stability window. A little is useful — it builds the SEI — but continued decomposition consumes lithium, dries the cell and makes gas.

Impedance rise

An increase in a cell’s internal resistance as it ages. It costs voltage under load and therefore power, even while the stored charge is still there.

Knee point

The point in a capacity-versus-cycles curve where slow, roughly linear fade turns into rapid loss. It usually marks the onset of lithium plating or electrolyte dry-out, and a cell past its knee is unpredictable and should be retired.

Wetting

The soaking of electrolyte into every pore of the electrodes and separator after filling. It can take hours or more; a pore left dry is electrode area that never works properly.

References & further reading

Technical references

1. Lithium ion battery degradation: what you need to know

   Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · 2021

   Technical reference · Degradation mechanisms, modes, operational effects and their interactions.